OTHER TYPES OF CIRCULATION

A little bit of review:  Recall the following terms:  Pulmonary  Cardiac  Systemic  Artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein,  Aorta, atria, ventricle, semi-lunar, atrioventricular, pulmonary veins, pulmonary arteries, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, heart.  What is/are the main purpose(s) of the circulatory system?

Not all circulatory systems are built that way!  Today, we will look at:  Circulation in Annelids  Circulation in Fish  Circulation in Amphibians  Circulation in Birds and Mammals

Circulation in Annelids  Simplest CLOSED circulatory system.  System  Two main blood vessels (dorsal and ventral)  Five pairs of pumps: AORTIC ARCHES (at front of worm) From aortic arches, blood is pumped into ventral vessel (under intestinal tract) Blood flows by organs and body walls (remember the form of gas exchange for this animal?) and back to aortic arches.

 Answer the following questions: a) Where does ‘pumping’ of blood occur? __________ b) Where does gas exchange occur? ____________ c) Where does the ‘pick-up’ of nutrients occur? __________________ d) What is the function of ‘blood’ in this organism? ___________________________________________

Circulation in Fish  Recall that fish have gills  this is where ____________________________ occurs.  From the gills, blood travels to a dorsal artery that branches through the body to deliver _____________ blood. SINGLE CIRCULATION: blood travels through the heart only once during each complete circuit around the body.

Fish have 2-chambered hearts Notice 1)how blood becomes oxygenated at the gill capillaries. Oxygen/nutrients are dropped off by the systemic system. 2)The fish has a 2 – chambered heart: one atrium, and one ventricle.

Fish have 2-chambered hearts Gill capillaries are the sites of gas exchange with the environment Fig

Fish have 2-chambered hearts Counter-current exchange helps maximize the efficiency of gas exchange Fig

Fish have 2-chambered hearts Counter-current exchange helps maximize the efficiency of gas exchange Fig

Circulation in Amphibians  Amphibians: frogs, toads, and salamanders.  Heart with a 3 rd chamber. _________________________________________________  Recall that mammalian hearts have four chambers: 2 _________________ and 2 _____________.  The left side of the mammalian heart takes in and pumps ___________________ blood, while the right side of the heart takes in and pumps _________________ blood.  What would happen if the ventricles were not separated?  ___________________________________________

Amphibians have 3-chambered hearts Fig Three chambers allows for double circulation, i.e., two circuits, such that blood passes through a single set of capillaries in each round-trip from and back to the heart

Amphibians have 3-chambered hearts Fig Amphibians have two atria and one ventricle. In the ventricle, oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mixes.

Amphibians have 3-chambered hearts Fig Most adult amphibians exchange gases through lungs and their skin

Circulation in Birds (and Mammals)  Are the following warm or cold-blooded?  Worms _________________________  Amphibians _____________________  Fish ___________________________  What makes them different from warm-blooded animals? ________________________________________

Warm-blooded organisms require more energy. This is because we REGULATE our body temperatures from within  ENDOTHERMIC. In short, this means that we increase metabolic processes (requiring energy) in order to warm us up. What produces energy in our bodies? __________________________________ What would this mean for the circulatory system? More rapid blood flow in order to: 1)__________________________________ 2) __________________________________

Recall...  Mammals have  4-chambered hearts  Specialized blood vessels  Specialized respiratory sytems (LOOK OVER YOUR NOTES! WE ARE MOVING ON!)