ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What created the power and limitations of absolutism during the Ming Dynasty. LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Examine the emergence of the Ming Dynasty and how the creation of the Forbidden City added to China’s feeling of superiority.

The Ming Dynasty Formed by Zhu Yuanzhang ◦ He successfully forced the Mongols out of the country  Wanted to restore Chinese greatness

The ming dynasty The rulers believed that they had the Mandate of Heaven. They were chosen by God to rule. Each ruling family was called a dynasty. The family stayed in power until they lost the mandate

The Ming Dynasty Yuanzhang was born a peasant & worked through the military ranks ◦ Known as a harsh ruler  killed all of his opposition Brought pride & power back to China ◦ Reinstated Civil Service The exam made sure gov’t officials were intelligent ◦ Built the Forbidden City Zhu Yuanzhang

Forbidden City Location: center of Beijing ◦ It served as the Emperor’s palace during the Ming and Qin dynasties.  Now it is a palace museum. ◦ It is the world’s largest palace complex and covers over 2.3 million sq ft (178 acres)

CHINA’S WONDERS Forbidden City

CHINA’S WONDERS Forbidden Palace ◦ Surrounded by a six meter deep moat ◦ About 25 ft high wall ◦ There are over 800 buildings and 9999 rooms.

Forbidden City History: ◦ Construction began in  14 years to build.  200,000 men used ◦ Housed 24 emperors until 1912

Do Now: Zheng He Who was Zheng He and what is his historical significance?

Chinese Exploration

Zheng He (Cheng Ho): one of China’s greatest explorers ◦ Born a commoner & Muslim ◦ Captured by the military Reached India & East Coast of Africa ◦ Made 7 voyages ◦ 100,000 miles ◦ Established a trade empire for China

Chinese Exploration Began having major problems with pirates in the Pacific ◦ The emperor forced all people to move away from the coast & closed down China He told his people they would be a continental power No one was allowed to enter or leave the country ◦ Results in the Chinese falling behind the rest of the world

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How did Chinese philosophies create order or proper conduct in society? LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Understand the philosophies that helped to hold the Chinese civilization together.

Ming Dynasty: Confucian State During Ming: Confucian ideals were brought back Confucius was born in 551 BC ◦ He wanted to restore peace & created a guide to proper behavior

Ming Dynasty: Confucian State Analects, a book of his teachings, written by his followers ◦ In order to have peace 5 relationships must exist Ruler/ruled Father /son Husband/wife Older brother/younger brother Friend/friend It’s the superior person’s responsibility to set the example for the inferior Filial Piety – duty and respect children owe their parents

Ming Dynasty: Daoism People need to turn to the spiritual force called the Dao – the way

Ming Dynasty: Daoism Started by Lao Zi Created at the same time as Confucianism Focused on giving up worldly desires; live in harmony with nature The goal was to develop a well run, peaceful society Spiritual forces of Yin and Yang

Ming Dynasty: Legalism Created by Han Feizi; after Confucianism Belief that people are naturally evil Strict laws; harsh punishments will force people to do the right thing

THE GREAT WALL The wonders of CHINA

The Great Wall ◦ The wall stretches about 5,500 miles. ◦ It winds up and down across deserts, mountains, grasslands and plateaus. ◦ It travels from east to west China. ◦ Nearly 2000 years old. Some sections are decayed.

CHINA’S WONDERS

The Great Wall Construction began in the 7 th century BC. Sections built under Chou dynasty each built their own walls for protection. After state of Chin (Qin) unified country in 221 BC, it joined the walls to hold off invaders from the north. ◦ Invader: Huns

The Great Wall Major renovation under the Ming Dynasty ◦ Present form under Ming. Ming wanted to make sure Mongols would not come back.

The Great Wall Towers of the Wall are 32 feet high It has battle forts at important points and the corners. ◦ Soldiers were posted on top to warn of attacks.

CHINA’S WONDERS Great Wall: History ◦ is crenellated for watching and shooting at the invading enemy.

CHINA’S WONDERS Great Wall

Jiayuguan

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Explain how the Manchu overthrew the Ming and established a multi-ethnic Qing Dynasty that doubled the size of the Chinese Empire LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Explain how the Manchu were able to invade and bring an end to the Ming Dynasty

Manchu Invasion Manchu Dynasty aka Qing Dynasty Last Dynasty of China: Founded by Manchu people ◦ Semi-nomadic people from NE China

Manchu Invasion 1644: Manchu were able to take advantage of rebellions against Ming Ming Rebellions: Beijing was conquered by rebel forces led by Li Zicheng ◦ Ming army did not protect the capital because they had mutinied ◦ Rather than be captured the last Ming emperor hanged himself

LI ZICHENG

LI AND THE BANDITS

Manchu Invasion Wu Sangui (Ming general) allied himself with the Manchu ◦ In order to drive out the rebel forces They were successful but this allowed the Manchu to take over

WU SANGUI

Manchu Dynasty Developed peacefully : it was a time of economic growth & development Tried to forced their way of life on China but adopted Chinese cultures & traditions Limits: ◦ only Manchu could hold the highest government office ◦ Marriage was forbidden between Manchu & Han ◦ Imperial China reached it height of power