Focus On Grammar Book 2, 5 th edition Lesson 7: Time Words and Clauses Past Continuous Tense

7.1 – When, Until, While When – Clause*  When class is over, Jasvir will eat rice. At that time, or starting then Until – Clause or Phrase: before that time – Until we studied, we couldn’t speak English. While – Clause* : at the same time – While Berto ate lunch, Latifa studied Grammar. * Also can use reduced clause  gerund phrase

7.2 – When and Whenever When = At that time, or starting at that time Whenever = anytime or every time.

7.3 – Time Words AT = a specific time ON = a specific day or date IN – During a specific month, year, decade, century, etc. – After a period of time ( a minute, a month, 2 months, etc.) – (use AFTER with nouns and clauses)

7.3 – Time Words In, During, For In and During are sometimes the same – You could use in twice, but during only once In, During, For – Now it is November 1. My brother will come here on January 1, and leave on January 31. – He will arrive here _____ two months. – He will stay here _____ one month. – I will be alone _____ December.

7.3 – Time Words Before, By, Ago Before, By, – Both are very similar with a stated specific time. Before August 3… By August 3… – With a clause: Before she arrived, the music was over. By the time she arrived, the music was over. Ago – Used with a PERIOD of time. (5 seconds, 10 years)

7.3 – Time Words From… until/to/till With specific times – From 9 until/to/till 5 – FROM the time that [+clause] UNTIL +[clause] – From 9AM till everybody leaves – (can’t use to)

7.4 Past Continuous Form BE + verbING Negatives? BE is you helping verb. Questions? BE is your helping verb. SingularPlural 1 st I was talking.We were talking. 2 nd You were talking. 3 rd He, She, It was talking.They were talking.

7.5 Past Continuous with specific times Pretty much the same as simple past Consider the difference between simple present and present continuous. – The past continuous implies a short-term activity The same is true with SOME time clauses – Before, After, – NOT with WHEN, WHILE (see next)

7.6 Past Continouus with a When clause This is the most important part of past progressive. Time is stretched out around the WHEN clause event. Consider the difference between these two… – She ate when he came home. – She was eating when he came home.

7.7 – With a WHILE clause Makes the action in the WHILE clause longer. Implies that the shorter action (not in the WHILE clause) is also “stretchable” or repeated. – While he lived here (was living here), he died. – While he lived here (was living here), he was dying. (pg 225 #3 [no #2] You cannot use… WHILE with the Simple Past = stretch it out (7.10)

7.8 – Was/Were Going To For a plan that didn’t happen It was in the future, but not anymore

7.9 Simp Past vs. Past Prog. With WHEN When + Simple Past = – “started at that time” – And continued after that time – She ate when he came home. When + Past Prog. = – “both at the same time” – The Past Progresssive is the longer action. – She was eating when he came home.

7.10 Simple Past and Past Prog. Use WHILE for A PERIOD OF TIME – You can stretch out time with simple past and WHILE WHEN is best for a specific time.

7.11 – Gerund Phrase (-ing form) IF the subject in both clauses is THE SAME, you can delete the subject in the dependent clause and use a gerund instead. – After he studied, Louis went to bed. – After studying, Louis went to bed. – Omima put on her glasses before she got up. – Omima put on her glasses before getting up.