Tobacco & Alcohol

Tobacco Addictive Drug- A substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence Nicotine- The addictive drug found in tobacco leaves Stimulant- A drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs

Poisonous Substances in Tobacco Smoke Tar- A thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns Carbon Monoxide – A colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas 4,000 chemicals 43 known cancer-causing compounds 400 toxins What's in a Cigarette?

Tobacco Not limited to smoking cigarettes Smoke from pipes and cigars cause health concerns Cigars contain significantly more nicotine and produce more tar and carbon monoxide than cigarettes One cigar = 20 cigarettes (nicotine) Pipes and cigars increase risk of developing cancer of the lip, mouth, throat, larynx, lungs, and esophagus

Smokeless Tobacco Sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed “Dip” Harmful chemicals are absorbed into the body at levels up to three times the amount of a single cigarette Leukoplakia- thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer

Short Term Effects (5) Brain chemistry changes Addiction Withdrawal symptoms Headaches, nervousness Respiration and heart rate increase Difficulty breathing Endurance decrease Irregular heart rate Taste buds Dulled Lose ability to enjoy food Bad breath Yellowed teeth Smelly hair, clothes, and skin

Long Term Effects (1) Chronic bronchitis Emphysema Lung cancer Bronchi become damaged Tar buildup in the lungs Chronic coughing and excessive mucus secretion Emphysema Disease that destroys the tiny air sacs in the lungs Air sacs become less elastic making it harder to breathe 80% of persons energy just to breathe Lung cancer Cilia in bronchi are destroyed and extra mucus is stuck Cancer cells can multiply, block the bronchi, and move to the lungs 90% of lung cancer deaths are caused by smoking

Long Term Effects Coronary heart disease and stroke Nicotine constricts blood vessel which cuts down blood flow Plaque build up which can lead to hardened arteries Arteries that are clogged increase risk of heart attack and stroke Weakened immune system Makes body more vulnerable to disease

Other Consequences Cost Average $8.20 per pack $57.40 per week $2984.80 per year 10 years = $29,848.00 20 years = $59,680.00 30 years = $89,544.00

Why do people use? Addiction Peer pressure Environment Grow up around it Friends/family

Alcohol Ethanol- The type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages Powerful and addictive drug Fermentation- The chemical action of yeast on sugars Water, flavoring, and minerals are mixed with ethanol to produce beverages such as beer, wine, and flavored malt liquor drinks

Short Term Effects (2) Slows reaction time Impairs vision Diminishes judgement Too much can cause intoxication Intoxication-The state in which the body is poisoned by alcohol or another substance, and the person’s physical and mental control is significantly reduced

Long Term Effects (2) Damage to brain cells and a reduction in brain size Increase in blood pressure, which may lead to a heart attack or stroke Buildup of fat cells in the liver which can lead to cell death Damage to the digestive lining of the stomach causing ulcers and cancer of the stomach Destruction of the pancreas Damage to relationship with family, friends, and others

Factors that Influence Alcohol’s Effects (3) Body size Smaller person feels the effect faster than larger person Gender Moves in bloodstream faster in females because of smaller bodies Food Food in stomach slows down the passage of alcohol in bloodstream Rate of intake If they drink faster than the liver can break it down, person becomes intoxicated Amount As the amount increases, the level of alcohol in bloodstream rises Medicine Alcohol can interfere with medicines; some medicines can heighten the effects of alcohol

Binge Drinking & Alcohol Poisoning Binge drinking- Drinking five or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting Alcohol poisoning- A severe and potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose

Effects of Alcohol Poisoning (2) Mental confusion and stupor Coma and inability to be roused Vomiting and seizures Slow respiration Irregular heartbeat Hypothermia or low body temperature

Health Risks of Alcohol Use Legal issues Violence Sexual activity STI’s, unplanned pregnancy, sexually active earlier Family Neglect, abuse, or social isolation Economic hardship Personal use alcohol themselves Mental illness or physical problems School

Benefits of Living Alcohol Free (2) Maintaining a healthy body Establishing healthy relationships Making healthy decisions Avoiding risky behaviors Avoiding illegal activities Avoiding violence Achieving your goals

Pregnancy Fetal Alcohol Syndrome- A group of alcohol-related birth defects that include physical and mental problems Effects (2) Small head and deformities of face, hands, feet Heart, liver, and kidney defects Vision and hearing problems Central nervous system problems, developmental disabilities, poor coordination Difficulties learning and short attention span Hyperactivity, anxiety, and social withdrawal

Impact of Alcohol Abuse Driving Life threatening Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)- The amount of alcohol in a person’s blood, expressed as a percentage Driving while intoxicated (DWI) Driving under the influence (DUI) 0.08 is legal limit anything over results in drunk driving charge Consequences of DUI Injury or death Arrest, jail time, lawsuits Severely restricted driving privileges or loss of drivers license Higher car insurance rates or canceled insurance Riding in a car with someone who has been drinking can be just as dangerous DD

Alcoholism Dependent on alcohol Craving Loss of control Physical dependence

Alcoholism Stage 1 – Abuse Stage 2- Dependence Stage 3- Addiction Begins with social drinking May begin to lie to justify drinking Stage 2- Dependence Person cannot stop drinking and is physically dependent on alcohol Tries to hide problem Performance drops (work & school) Stage 3- Addiction Addiction Liver damage Withdrawal symptoms