THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

MAIN FUNCTION TO PROVIDE O 2 & GET RID OF CO 2

PATHWAY OF AIR NOSE PHARYNX LARYNX

TRACHEA BRONCHUS BRONCHIOLE TERMINAL BRONCHIOLE ALVEOLUS (AIR SAC)

ANSWERS 1. NOSE 2. PHARYNX 3. LARYNX 4. TRACHEA 5. PRIMARY BRONCHUS 6. SECONDARY BRONCHUS 7. TERTIARY BRONCHUS 8. BRONCHIOLE 9. TERMINAL BRONCHIOLE 10. ALVEOLUS (AIR SAC) 11. LUNG

FUNCTIONS OF THE NOSE WARMS AIR PURIFIES AIR MOISTURIZES AIR

PHARYNX (THROAT)

LARYNX (VOICEBOX) ALSO CALLED THE “ADAMS APPLE” LARGER IN MEN BECAUSE OF TESTOSTERONE

LARYNGITIS INFLAMMATION OF THE VOCAL CORDS CAN BE BACTERIAL OR VIRAL CORDS SWELL & DO NOT STRETCH AS TIGHTLY VOICE SOUNDS DEEPER

TRACHEA (WINDPIPE) ANTERIOR TO ESOPHAGUS HELD OPEN BY C-RINGS OF HYALINE CARTILAGE

BRONCHI ONE PRIMARY BRONCHUS GOES TO EACH LUNG THREE SECONDARY BRANCHES IN RIGHT LUNG TWO SECONDARY BRANCHES IN LEFT LUNG A BRANCH RUNS TO EACH LOBE IN THE LUNG

ALVEOLUS: THE SAC AT THE END OF THE TERMINAL BRONCHIOLE WHERE GAS EXCHANGE (O2 AND CO2) OCCURS.

WHAT IS SURFACTANT? IT IS A PHOSPHOLIPID THAT REDUCES SURFACE TENSION KEEPS THE WALLS OF THE ALVEOLUS FROM STICKING TOGETHER DURING EXHALATION NOT PRODUCED IN GREAT QUANTITIES UNTIL LAST 4-6 WEEKS OF PREGNANCY BABIES BORN PRIOR TO THIS WILL HAVE DIFFICULTY BREATHING THIS IS KNOWN AS RDS OR RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

SMOKING PARALYZES THE CILIA FOUND IN THE BRONCHIOLE TREE SMOKING CAUSES THE OVERPRODUCTION OF MUCOUS SOMETIMES SMOKERS DEVELOP A COUGH WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF SMOKING ON THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?

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Bill Tuttle After Surgery

RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS PNEUMOTHORAX CO POISONING CHRONIC BRONCHITIS EMPHYSEMA LUNG CANCER

PNEUMOTHORAX (A COLLAPSED LUNG) AIR IS IN THE CHEST CAVITY WHERE IT IS NOT NORMALLY FOUND PAINFUL

PNEUMOTHORAX

Tx FOR PNEUMOTHORAX A CHEST TUBE The other end of the tube is placed in water and bubbles until the injury heals; then the bubbling will stop. That is how you know when to remove the tube.

WHEN THE WATER STOPS BUBBLING, THE HOLE IN THE LUNG HAS HEALED.

2 TYPES OF PNEUMOTHORAX SIMPLE: NO LARGE INCREASE IN PRESSURE IN THE CHEST TENSION: PRESSURE BUILDS IN THE CHEST & TRACHEA MAY MOVE TO ONE SIDE. YOU MUST IMMEDIATELY PUNCTURE THE CHEST WALL TO RELIEVE PRESSURE (A CHEST TUBE).

SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX OCCURS WITHOUT TRAUMA MAY BE CAUSED BY DISEASE OR INFECTION

Carbon Monoxide is produced by the incomplete combustion of the fossil fuels – gas, oil, coal and wood used in boilers, engines, oil burners, gas fires, water heaters, solid fuel appliances and open fires. Dangerous amounts of CO can accumulate when, as a result of poor installation, poor maintenance or failure or damage to an appliance in service, the fuel is not burned properly, or when rooms are poorly ventilated and the Carbon Monoxide is unable to escape. CO is colorless, tasteless and odorless CO (carbon monoxide) POISONING

SIGNS OF CO POISONING: CHERRY RED CHEEKS N & V (nausea and vomiting) DISORIENTATION UNCONSCIOUSNESS FLU-LIKE Sx DEATH

CHRONIC BRONCHITIS MOST COMMON IN MIDDLE AGED & ELDERLY POLLUTION CAN CAUSE EXCESSIVE AMOUNTS OF MUCUS TEMPORARY NARROWING OF BRONCHI & BRONCHIOLES COUGH CILIA FUNCTION POORLY SHORTNESS OF BREATH MAY LEAD TO EMPHYSEMA

EMPHYSEMA THE MOST COMMON & CRIPPLING CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE BRONCHIOLES PERMANENTLY NARROWED S.O.B (shortness of breath) STALE AIR ACCUMULATES IN LUNGS AVAILABLE O2 IS REDUCED RIGHT VENTRICLE BECOMES ENLARGED BECAUSE IT WORKS HARDER DEATH OFTEN FROM ENLARGED RIGHT VENTRICLE LOSS OF ELASTICITY OF ALVEOLI

LUNG CANCER ORIGINATES IN EPITHELIAL CELLS CARCINOGENS (SMOKING) CAN CAUSE METASTASIS CAN OCCUR WITHOUT Tx, PATIENTS LIVE 3-5 YEARS PEOPLE LIVING IN URBAN AREAS ARE 2x AS LIKELY TO DEVELOP

Tx USUALLY INOPERABLE CHEMOTHERAPY RARELY WORKS RADIATION THERAPY IS MOST EFFECTIVE

Video on cancer and circulation hew06_vid_angiogenesis/