THE PSYCHOLOGY OF Permanent Behavior Change based on Practice and Experience.

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Presentation transcript:

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF Permanent Behavior Change based on Practice and Experience

Association of Stimulus and Response Pavlov Unconditioned Response Conditioned Response Unconditioned Stimulus Conditioned Stimulus Superstitions

How are the actions in this photo evidence of Classical Conditioning?

Reward or Punishment Skinner

Fixed Interval - Set length of time must pass for reinforcement to occur - West Wing, Wednesdays 9:00 pm Variable Interval - Steadiest response, never know when reinforcement will be offered - Teacher wanders the room offering praise Fixed Ratio - Behavior reinforced after performed set number of times; consistent behavior - Make 30 widgets to fulfill quota and receive full pay Variable Ratio - Occasional rewards following changing number of actions; Fast, frequent response to increase reward rate - Playing slot machine

Thinking, Memory Formation, Learning, Problem Solving Piaget Schema Assimilation Accomodation Human Information Processing (HIP) Meaningfulness Transfer (situated learning) Chemical Influences (stimulants, depressants)

Albert Bandura Direct or Vicarious Experience

“Bobo” and Aggressive Behavior Factors: Attention: what parts of behavior is the observer watching? Retention: How is information stored? What associations are made? Motor Reproduction Processes: physically capable of imitation Motivation: reinforcement for behavior or observing original performer of behavior reinforced

Factors Emotional Influences: moderate arousal beneficial (curiosity, humor, fear, anxiety) Evolutionary Influences (selectionism): brains contain all cognitive processes at birth and are initiated by environmental situations Cultural Validity (cross-cultural behavior): Cultural Value: value placed on learning Perpetual Processes: sensory ability Intelligence: practical sense, adaptability