Heating Hot water heat system heating water in a boiler and pumping the hot water through pipes located in the greenhouse located under benches, low maintenance, even heat Steam heat boilers that bring water to a boil and the resulting steam flows through pipes in the greenhouse

Heating Unit heaters heat air within the unit, then blow the air throughout the greenhouse. Polyethylene tubes evenly distribute air flow, cost more to operate Infrared heat systems produce heat energy that is absorbed by the plants, media, and benches, do not heat the air, suited for high greenhouses

Cooling Fan and pad cooling system Number 1 system, based on evaporation of water, pads at one end of the house are kept wet, fans at the other end of the house pull air through the pads. Air entering the house is cooled as water in the pads evaporates.

Cooling Fog systems involve an atomizer that produces water vapor, flash evaporation of this water cools the greenhouse. Vents consist of panels that open and allow air exchange with the outside, Natural cooling

Energy Curtain Automated systems using fabrics that can insulate a greenhouse at night and shade the crops during the day Installed gutter to gutter, run by computers Short-day curtains Similar to energy curtains, provides darkness that will simulate a short-day effect.

Climate Control Systems Environmental controls Devices used to turn greenhouse systems on and off, including heating and cooling systems. Includes: Thermostats Analog controls Computer controls Computerized environmental management systems

Climate Control Systems Thermostats are low cost, easy to install environmental controls. On-off thermostats control fans, heaters, and vents with the change of temperatures. Analog controls use proportioning thermostats to run amplifiers and electronic circuitry. heating and cooling operations are integrated resulting in better performance

Climate Control systems Computer controls use microprocessors to make complex judgments based on information from a number of sensors. Computerized environmental management systems, although expensive, are accurate and can control all the automated systems together.

Automated Systems Incorporate technological developments in the production of greenhouse crops. Automated systems cut down labor costs Automated systems allow for larger crops

Automated Systems- Planting Automated pot fillers used to fill pots with medium, medium is lightly packed, and the pots are stacked or move down a conveyor for planting. Automated seeders permit the sowing of entire flats or plug trays in a few moments, trays move down a conveyor to a germination room or move to the greenhouse Automated transplanters remove small plants from plug trays and transplant them directly to pots.

Automated Systems- Transporting Transporting= most labor intensive part Conveyor belt systems are used to move plants from one area of the greenhouse to another. Tray mechanization, has grown in popularity in the U.S. Individual trays or palletized benches that hold 100 pots or more roll on a series of rails from one area to another.

Automated Systems: Watering Spaghetti tubing Automated system that involves small tubes connected to a main line End of each small tube is placed in a pot, and when functioning, dribbles water onto the medium. Allows flowers and foliage to stay dry

Automated : Watering Drip irrigation a system like spaghetti tubing differs = provides a slow steady drip Used with hanging baskets Wastes less !!

Automated: Watering Ebb and flood Watering involves watertight benches in which pots are set Water or nutrient solutions are pumped into the bench, the medium absorbs the water, and the water drains away. Little water loss, nutrient levels are easily adjusted, plant foliage kept dry

Automated: Watering Capillary mats consist of porous mats placed on a bench and wetted. The medium in the pots absorbs the water through capillary action. Foliage stays dry, high humidity provided

Automated: Watering Irrigation booms Move across the entire bench and well-placed nozzles flood the pots below as they pass over the plants Commonly used with bedding plants, plug trays, and some potted flowering crops.

Automated: Watering Overhead sprinklers Stationary sprinkler heads placed throughout the growing space Large amount of water in a short period of time Often used with bedding plants.

Automated: Watering Intermittent mist systems Produce tiny droplets in the air for the purpose of keeping plant material wet Commonly used in the propagation phase of production to reduce water stress on cuttings Continuous or programmed times

Vocabulary Review 1.Analog controls 2.Computer controls 3.Computerized environmental management systems 4.Energy curtains 5.Environmental controls 6.Fan and pad cooling system 7.Fog system 8.Hot water heat system 9.Infrared heat system 10.Polyethylene tubes 11.Short-day curtains 12.Steam heat 13.Thermostats 14.Unit heaters 15.Vents 16.Automated pot fillers 17.Automated seeders 18.Automated transplanters 19.Capillary mats 20.Conveyor belt system 21.Drip irrigation 22.Ebb and flood 23.Intermittent mist system 24.Irrigation booms 25.Overhead sprinklers 26.Spaghetti tubing 27.Tray mechanization