High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) Facility onboard China’s Space Station Shuang-Nan Zhang ( 张双南 ) Center for Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 1/28

China’s Space Station Program Phase -I astronauts in 5 flights  space walk Phase -II 2016 Space lab : no living cabin Phase -II 2020 Space Station 3 large modules + 2 m telescope ~10-year lifetime HERD POLAR 2/58

China’s Space Station Astronomy Program 2030 IR/O X-ray γ-ray e/CR HERD POLAR Chinese Space Station Optical Survey Dark Energy NEATER ASM ? (a mini XTP but with low-E pol.) (EP in scanning mode without XFT) 3/58

HERD Design ： 3D Calo & 5-Side Sensitive n10X acceptance than others, but weight 2.3 T ~1/3 AMS 3D CALO e/G/CR energy e/p discrimination STK(W+SSD) Charge gamma-ray direction CR back scatter 4/58

Science goalsMission requirements Dark matter search R1: Better statistical measurements of e/γ between 100 GeV to 10 TeV Origin of Galactic Cosmic rays R2: Better spectral and composition measurements of CRs between 300 GeV to PeV* with a large geometrical factor HERD: High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detector Secondary science: γ-ray astronomy  monitoring of GRBs, microquasars, Blazars and other transients  down to 100 MeV for γ -rays  plastic scintillator shields for γ -ray selection *complementary to high altitude cosmic-ray observations 5/28

Characteristics of all components typesizeX0,λunitmain functions tracker (top) Si strips 70 cm × 70 cm 2 X07 x-y (W foils) Charge Early shower Tracks tracker 4 sides Si strips 65 cm × 50 cm 2 X07 x-y (W foils) Charge Early shower Tracks CALO~10K LYSO cubes 63 cm × 63 cm 55 X0 3 λ 3 cm × 3 cm e/γ energy nucleon energy e/p separation 6/58

Expected performance of HERD γ/e energy range (CALO)tens of GeV-10TeV nucleon energy range (CALO)up to PeV γ/e angular resol.0.1 o nucleon charge resol c.u γ/e energy resolution proton energy resolution (CALO)20% e/p separation power (CALO)<10 -5 electron eff. geometrical factor (CALO)3.7 m 2 GeV proton eff. geometrical factor (CALO)2.6 m 2 TeV Acceptance & H-energy > n10X all others 7/58

HERD Eff. Geometrical Factor: CALO All five sides 8/58

Expected HERD Proton and He Spectra Horandel model as HERD input Only statistical error Protons He 9/58

Expected HERD Spectra of C and Fe C Fe 10/58

Sensitivity of Dark Matter Search in MW /58

95% upper limits on photon fluxes ~ energy Five year sky survey 12/58

Comparison of DM sensitivity from γ-line HERD R16 13/58

95% upper limits on decay lifetime of DM 14/58

Comparison with DM models γγγZγZ 15/58

CALO readout Trigger Fast Frame CCD Optical Coupling Image Intensifier 16/58

@CERN: beam test Nov , 2015 Final IHEP IHEP Oct CERN 17/58

HERD beam SPS H4 1 LYSO array –5*5*10 crystals 2 ICCD systems 2 PMT systems Envelope –560*580*240 mm 3 To verify the WLSF+ICCD design To verify the design specifications of energy resolution, angular resolution (by only CALO), and particle discrimination. Requirements –Large dynamic range, ~ 6000 –Frame rate, > 300 fps 18/58

Preliminary result – PMT readout PMT 100 GeV 19/28

Preliminary result – ICCD low range readout Sigma ~ GeV without correction 20/58

250 GeV electron shower CCD camera 3D shower 21/58

20 GeV electron shower CCD camera 3D shower 22/58

Electron energy 23/28

Proton Event Selection: Enough valid hits to exclude MIP events; Shower maximum is contained; Shower starts at first few layers; 24/28

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1st HERD workshop, Oct.17-18, 2012, IHEP, Beijing 26/58

2 nd HERD 2013/12/2-3 27/58

The HERD Proto-Collaboration Team Chinese institutions –Institute of High Energy Physics, Purple Mountain Observatory, Xi’an Institute of Optical and Precision Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Nanjing University, Peking University, Yunnan University, China University of Geosciences, Ningbo University, Guangxi University International institutions –Switzerland: University of Geneva –Italy: U. Pisa/INFN, IAPS/INAF, U. Florence/INFN, U. Perugia/INFN, U. Trento/INFN, U. Bari/INFN, U. Salento/INFN-Lecce –Sweden: KTH –USA: MIT/Harvard –Russia: Lebedev Physical Institute+ 28/58