Culture is Learned Enculturation –Process of acquiring culture –Meanings & values learned growing up in a culture –Begins at birth –vs. acculturation: Learning a culture different from your own Nature vs. nurture, culture vs. biology –Human brains evolved to rely on learning

Culture is largely unconscious What we are used to and take for granted –Concepts of time –Concepts of personal space (proxemics) –Concepts of what is good to eat –Concepts of what is beautiful Anthropology as cultural critique

Culture Change Invention/Innovation: creation of something new within a culture Diffusion: borrowed from other cultures Material, e.g. technology Non-material, e.g. belief systems, behaviors, words Culture provides adaptive advantage Negative impacts

Cultures are integrated Organic analogy –All parts interrelated –Holism = method that recognizes this Parts viewed in relation to the whole –Change in one part affects others Can be positive or negative Functional vs. dysfunctional –Development and applied anthropology E.g., Steve Lansing in Bali Ideal (norms) vs. real behavior Economic system Belief system Exchange system Kinship system Arts