Treatment Rehabilitation SHMD 249 23/05/2013

Injury Timeline RETURN TO SPORT INJURY DOCTOR PHYSIO BIOKINETICIST X-Ray Massage MAINTENANCE REHAB Exercise Therapy Ultra-sound ROM Ultra-sound therapy

First Aid First aid: The immediate treatment given to an injured person. First establish what is wrong with the person: Assess the situation – identify any risks to yourself or to the casualty. Make the area safe. Assess casualty & give first aid if appropriate. Establish if person is conscious, then check ABC: Airway – they have an open airway Breathing – they are breathing Circulation – assess if they have a pulse Try to get help as soon as possible. Complete and accident/incident report.

Calling for an Ambulance Dial 911 & ask for an Ambulance. Give them your exact location. Give clear details of the accident and the severity of the injuries of the casualty. Give the telephone number you are calling from and the gender and appropriate age of the casualty. If you get someone else to phone, make sure they report back & an ambulance is on the way. When paramedics arrive, tell them as much as possible about how the casualty behaved e.g. if casualty is unconscious, needed resuscitation etc.

SALTAPS: immediate treatment See injury occur (mechanism of injury). Ask casualty what is wrong & where they have pain. Look for signs of bleeding, deformity of limbs, inflammation, swelling & redness. Touch the injury for signs of heat, tenderness, loss or change of sensation & pain. Active movement – ask casualty to move injured area if possible, through all ROM. Passive movement – try to move injured site only if good ROM is possible. Strength – if no pain during ROM, use resisted movements to assess further loss of function.

PRICED Protect injured body part from further injury. Rest – discontinue activity. Ice – ice pack should be applied to injured area – reduce swelling & pain. Compression – gentle pressure applied to injury site with padding/compression bandage thus reduce blood flow to injury & control swelling by decreasing fluid seeping into injury site. Elevation – injury site should be supported in a raised position above level of heart in order to reduce blood flow to injury site thus further reduce swelling & bruising. Diagnosis by a professional – examined as soon as possible so injury can be accurately diagnosed.

Cold Application - ICE 4 stages of sensation: Ice bags/frozen veg packs/ice gel packs/ice bath immersion. Every 2 hours for 10 - 20 minutes for up to 48-72 hours. Never apply ice directly to skin – burns skin. Cold reduces circulation, thus minimize swelling & bruising & reduce pain (nerve endings). 4 stages of sensation: Cold. Burning. Aching. Numbness (Therapy should be stopped)

Heat Treatments Only after about 3 days. Dilate blood vessels thus increasing blood flow to area – absorb swelling & remove dead cells from area. Increase growth of new blood vessels to help scar tissue form. Helps muscles relax & aids pain relief. Contrast bathing: dilate & constrict blood vessels – increase blood flow then remove debris from injury site.

Support Mechanisms Support Devices: Protect, support & stabilize. Prevent re-injury – limit movement of joint. Support Devices: Bandage. Kinesio taping. Braces. Moon boots.

Rehabilitation Rehabilitation is the restoration of the ability to function in a normal or near normal manner following an injury. No rehab = high risk of re-injury. Involves: Reducing pain & swelling. Restoring range of motion (ROM). Increasing muscle strength. Improving stabilization. Considerations: Physical condition of player. Severity of injury. Timing (pre-season/competition).