Sydney Taylen Cole Jessica Garrett,

Obtaining Food Filter Feeders – filter feeders catch algae and small animals by using modified gills as nets to filter food items out of the water. Detritivores- feed on detritus often obtaining extra nutrients from the bacteria, algae and other microorganisms that grow on and around it. **Detritus- made up of decaying bits of plant and animal material.**

Carnivores – eating other animals. Herbivores- eating plants or parts of plants. Nutritional Symbionts- * Symbiosis- the dependency of one species on another. Many animals rely upon symbiosis for their nutritional need. * 1) parasitic symbionts- parasites live within or on a host organism where they feed on tissues or blood and other body fluids. 2) mutualistic symnionts- both participants benefit.

Teah, Angela, Megan, Brandon

Characteristics All Animals Have Gas diffusion & membranes Requirements for repertory systems One can actively pump carbon dioxide across membranes.

Respiratory Surfaces of Aquatic Animals Rely on diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through their outer body covering Exchange gasses through gills Have capillaries(inside gills) pump water out gills

Respiratory Surfaces of Terrestrial Animals They have to keep their respiratory membranes moist in dry environments They include skin, mantel cavities, book lungs, and tracheal tubes

Respiratory Surfaces In Land Invertebrates Skin, mantel cavities, book lungs, tracheal tubes Different strategies Earthworms, snails

Lung Structure in Vertebrates Lungs Breathing adaptions Inhale oxygen through trachea exhale through capillaries but release carbon dioxide

Open Circulatory System. Blood is only partially contained within a system of blood vessels as it travels through the body One or more hearts pump blood through vessels that empty into a system of sinuses Closed Circulatory System -Blood circulates entirely within blood vessels that extend throughout the body -A heart forces blood through vessels and nutrients reach body tissues by diffusing across capillaries

Single-Loop Circulation -A single pump that forces blood around the body in one direction -The ventricle pumps blood out of the heart -(fish) Double-Loop Circulation -Uses lungs for respiration -Double-loop. Two pump circulatory system -(Mammals)

Mammalian Heart- Chamber Evolution Four chambered hearts Found in modern animals - Goes in one side, out the other

By: Nick Androsky Katelyn Stebner Erkia Wakefeild Zachary Farmakes

How do animals manage toxic nitrogenous waste? Store it until they can do one of the following Eliminate ammonia from the body quickly Convert the nitrogenous into other less toxic compounds

How do aquatic animals eliminate wastes? Salt Water Fish : Lose water through osmosis and salt diffuses into them – Little concentrated urine Fresh Water Fish : - Water goes in through osmosis, salt diffuses out

How do land animals remove waste while conserving water? Invertebrates - Produce urine in nephridia, convert ammonia into uric acid Vertebrates – mammals and land amphibians convert ammonia into urea, most reptiles and birds ammonia is converted into uric acid