UNIT 4 ANIMALS STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

Agenda: Assignment due Lesson HW

Quick Questions on Ch. 11 Brief review questions on Respiration Q1) What are the stages of respiration? Q2) What happens during gas exchange? Q3) What do you use stop yourself from swallowing Listerine?

12. 1 The Function of Circulation

The individual cells that make up the structural units that require - the obtaining of nutrients and oxygen - the elimination of wastes

12. 1 The Function of Circulation The circulatory system is ????

12. 1 The Function of Circulation The circulatory system: The system that transports blood, nutrients, and waste around the body

Main Functions of Circulatory System Main Functions of Circulatory System 1 Transport gases (from the __________system), nutrients, and waste materials (from ____________system) 2 3

Main Functions of CS (Circ. System) Main Functions of Circulatory System 1 Transport gases (from the __________system), nutrients, and waste materials (from ____________system) 2 Regulate internal temperature and transports chemical substances that are vital to health from one part of the body to the other 3

Main Functions of CS Main Functions of Circulatory System 1Transport gases (from the __________system), nutrients, and waste materials (from ____________system) 2Regulate internal temperature and transports chemical substances that are vital to health from one part of the body to the other 3Protects against blood loss from injury and against disease – causing microbes or toxic substances introduced into the body

Major Components of the Circulatory System

Heart The muscular organ that pumps blood via the CS to the lungs & the body

Major Components of the Circulatory System Heart The muscular organ that pumps blood via the C.S. Blood Bodily fluid in which blood cells are suspended - carries nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc

Major Components of the Circulatory System Heart The muscular organ that pumps blood via the C.S. Blood Vessels Hollow tubes carrying blood to & from body tissues Blood Bodily fluid in which blood cells are suspended - carries nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc

Open & Closed CS

Types of CS Open Circulatory System Closed Circulatory System

Types of CS Open Circulatory System A CS in which vessels open into the animal’s body cavity and makes direct contact with organs and tissues Closed Circulatory System

Open & Closed CS Open Circulatory System A CS in which vessels open into the animal’s body cavity and makes direct contact with organs and tissues. There is no distinction between the blood and the interstitial fluid (a solution surrounding cells of multicellular animals). The mixture of blood and the surrounding fluids is called hemolymph. Closed Circulatory System A CS in which the circulating blood is contained within vessels and kept separate from the interstitial fluid.

Open & Closed CS

Heart Components Study Fig. 12.2, page 480, and become fluent in identifying the components of the heart

4 Chambers of the Heart

Blood Vessels – 3 Types

Blood Vessels – 3 types Arteries carry blood ______ from the heart. Smaller-diameter arteries are called arterioles

Blood Vessels – 3 types Arteries carry blood ______ from the heart. Smaller-diameter arteries are called arterioles Veins carry blood _________ the heart. Smaller-diameter veins are called venules

Blood Vessels – 3 types Arteries carry blood ______ from the heart. Smaller-diameter arteries are called arterioles Veins carry blood _________ the heart. Smaller-diameter veins are called venules Capillaries transport nutrients & other materials from _________ to ________ cells and vice versa.

Blood Vessels – 3 types Arteries carry blood ______ from the heart. Smaller-diameter arteries are called arterioles Veins carry blood _________ the heart. Smaller-diameter veins are called venules Capillaries transport nutrients & other materials from _________ to ________ cells and vice versa. A network of capillaries joins the arteries and arterioles with venules and veins.

Blood Vessels – 3 Types

Arteries Arteries are highly elastic (what does this mean?)

Arteries Arteries are highly elastic (what does this mean?) - like elastic rubber bands – - they are flexible and expandable allowing a wave of blood to surge through it during the contraction of ventricles.

Arteries Arteries are highly elastic (what does this mean?) - like elastic rubber bands – - they are flexible and expandable allowing a wave of blood to surge through it during the contraction of ventricles. When measuring your pulse, you feel a rhythmic expansion & contraction of an artery as blood moves through it

Veins Looking at the diagram … Veins have (thinner or thicker?) walls than arteries and a (smaller or larger?) inner circumference

Veins Looking at the diagram … Veins have (thinner or thicker?) walls than arteries and a (smaller or larger?) inner circumference

Veins Looking at the diagram … Veins have (thinner or thicker?) walls than arteries and a (smaller or larger?) inner circumference On the other hand, veins (are or aren’t) as elastic as arteries

Veins Looking at the diagram … Veins have (thinner or thicker?) walls than arteries and a (smaller or larger?) inner circumference On the other hand, veins (are or aren’t) as elastic as arteries So they can’t contract to help move blood back to the heart – the contraction muscles keeps the blood in the veins flowing to the heart

Veins Veins have one-way valves that prevent blood from flowing backward – even against the downward pull of gravity

Capillaries Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels

Capillaries Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels The capillary wall is a single layer of cells are have an average diameter of 8 micro meters (8 millionths of a meter) – just large enough for the largest blood cells to pass through

Questions for the love of your Heart Q 1, 2, 4, 6 – page 481 Read Page 483 and draw out figure 12.7 on Pg 483