Radioactive Elements Part 1 Jan 2, 2013. Radioactivity: An Imbalance of Forces in the Nucleus.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

-Different FORMS of an Element that occur Naturally -Have the SAME # of P and E but DIFFERENT # of N -Isotopes of an element have the SAME CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.

Advertisements

Fundamental Forces of the Universe

Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity

Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay Objectives: 9.0 Distinguish between chemical and nuclear reactions. 9.3 Identifying types of radiation and their.

Nuclear Chemistry Targets: 1.I CAN Utilize appropriate scientific vocabulary to explain scientific concepts. 2.I CAN Distinguish between fission and fusion.

Nuclear Chemistry.

Nuclear / Subatomic Physics Physics – Chapter 25 (Holt)

Half Lifes. Atoms Proton Electron Cloud Neutron Atomic Number Number of protons – change this → change the element Hydrogen has one proton and one electron.

Radioactivity Polonium and radium X-Rays

Half Lifes. Atoms Proton Electron Cloud Neutron Atomic Number Number of protons – change this → change the element Hydrogen has one proton and one electron.

1.Will not take any after next Tuesday 1/13 1.Define each of these terms: You may use your notes and they do not need to be in complete sentences  Energy.

Radioactive Decay.

Nuclear Energy. Nuclear energy is all around us and can be used for medical purposes. Nuclear energy is when an atom is split and releases energy or particles.

Chapter 9 pages And Chapter 18 pages

Modern Physics Radioactive Decay. Look at the periodic table given to you. Find element with the atomic number 6 What is it?

Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Decay

Structure and Stability of Nuclei, Fission, Fusion, and Radiation

Chapter 18.  Mass # Symbol  Element Name or symbol – Mass #  Parts of a Reaction Reactants  Products.

Chemical Reactions Involves the change of one or more substances into new substances Atoms are rearranged but their identities do NOT change The reaction.

Reading Assignment: pp

Nuclear Chemistry Chemistry Ms.Piela.

Radioactive Decay of Transuranic Elements By Prayush Singh.

Alpha Decay. Radioactive Decay Alpha Decay Radioactive Decay Alpha Decay Beta Decay.

Nuclear Reactions.

What is it to be Radioactive? Radioactive decay is the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation in the form of particles.

Radioactivity Nuclear Chemistry. Discovery of Radioactivity Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-rays in Henri Becquerel discovered that uranium salts.

4.4 Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay Radioactive decay In the late 1890s, scientists noticed some substances spontaneously emitted radiation, a.

Nuclear Chemistry “Bravo” Test 1954 – 15,000 kilotons.

Radioactive Decay. What do you know about Radioactivity? 1.All atoms are made up of __________. 2.What are some radioactive isotopes? 3.Why do some isotopes/atoms.

Radioactive Elements.

Ch 9 Nuclear Decay Review from ch 4…

Radioactivity SPS3. Students will distinguish the characteristics and components of radioactivity. Differentiate among alpha and beta particles and gamma.

Radioactive Decay Read pages THE STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE Atoms are held together by.

Nuclear Chemistry THE NUCLEAR ATOM. Radioactivity Not all atoms are stable. Unstable atoms break down and give off energy to become more stable. These.

Chapter 3 Atomic Structure. The Structure Of the Atom Particle masschargelocation Proton1 AMU +1in nucleus Neutron 1 AMU 0in nucleus Electron 0 AMU -1.

Chapter 18.  Mass # Symbol  Element Name or symbol – Mass #  Parts of a Reaction Reactants  Products.

Nuclear Chemistry Objective: To explain the process of radioactive decay using nuclear equations and half life Essential Question: How do unstable (radioactive)

Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Reactions  Chemical reactions  What can NOT change in a chemical reaction?  Nuclear Reactions: changes that occur in the.

Drill – 10/21 Clear desk of everything and take outline, ½ sheet of paper, and pen or pencil out.

Nuclear Chemistry The Atom The atom consists of two parts: 1. The nucleus which contains: 2. Orbiting electrons. protons neutrons Multiple nuclei is.

Lec: Isotopes and Ions. An Isotope is an element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Nuclear Radiation 9.2. The Nucleus Protons and neutrons Charge of electrons and protons – x C = e –Proton +e –Electron -e.

Chapter TED:Radioactivity-Expect the Unexpected by Steve Weatherall hDvDlD3b85zmvERO_rSSUj3FVWScEA _X.

Radioactive Decay.

Nuclear Chemistry. The Atom The atom consists of two parts: 1. The nucleus which contains: 2. Orbiting electrons. protons neutrons.

Nuclear Radiation Half-Life. What is Radiation? Penetrating rays and particles emitted by a radioactive source Result of a nuclear reaction! –Involves.

Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 18.

Atoms and Isotopes What are atoms, isotopes, and radioactive decay?

Types of Radioactive Decay Kinetics of Decay Nuclear Transmutations

Chapter 10 Nuclear Chemistry.

1 This is Jeopardy Nuclear Chemistry 2 Category No. 1 Category No. 2 Category No. 3 Category No. 4 Category No Final Jeopardy.

Thursday, October 15 th, 2015 The ABG's (or Alpha, Beta, Gamma) of Radioactivity.

 What are the limitations of relative age dating?  What do you think Absolute age dating is?

Radioactive Decay. Types of Radioactive Decay Alpha Decay: nucleus eject an alpha particle (made of 2 protons and 2 neutrons – a helium nucleus)

RADIOACTIVITY REVIEW. REVIEW 1. Review what the structure of the atom is, particularly the nucleus. Protons (+) and neutrons (o) in the nucleus Electrons.

Chapter 19 Radioactivity & Nuclear Energy Chemistry B2A.

When the repulsive forces of the protons exceeds the ability of the strong nuclear force to hold them together, they are unstable. In addition, sometimes.

Radioactivity Elements that emit particles and energy from their nucleus are radioactive. Some large atoms are unstable and cannot keep their nucleus together.

Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay Radioactivity – spontaneous emission of radiation Radiation – rays and particles emitted from a radioactive material.

Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions PS-2.2: illustrate the fact that the elements exist as stable or unstable isotopes PS-2.6: compare fission and fusion.

CLICK HERE TO BEGIN! Directions: Click the term that correctly matches the definition in each question.

25.2 Nuclear Transformations > 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 25 Nuclear Chemistry.

Nuclear Chemistry. Review: Parts of the Atom Electron (-) Proton (+) Neutron.

Nuclear Chemistry Physical Science.

The Atomic Nucleus & Radioactive Decay

Nuclear Reactions.

Reading Assignment: pp

Presentation transcript:

Radioactive Elements Part 1 Jan 2, 2013

Radioactivity: An Imbalance of Forces in the Nucleus

Forces dependent on distance SO.. Larger nuclei are less stable Neucleons less effective in holding nucleus together Electrical (repulsive) forces have greater impact

Types of Radioactive Particles Alpha Particles – 2 protons and 2 neutrons Beta Particles – split 1 neutron into 1 proton and 1 electron Gamma Particles – emits a photon

Half Life: Measures Decay Rate Half life refers to amount of time it takes for ½ of the radio active sample to decay Half life for a particular isotope is always the same

Half Life Half life measures decay rate  Ex. Every1620 years ½ of a sample of radium-226 will have decayed. Start 1620 years 3240 years 6480 years

Radioactive Elements Part 2 Jan 4, 2013

Half-life: Exponential Decay

Decay of 238 U: Natural Decay Chain

decays, through alpha-emission, with a half-life of 4.5 billion years to thorium-234 which decays, through beta-emission, with a half-life of 24 days to protactinium-234 which decays, through beta-emission, with a half-life of 1.2 minutes to uranium-234 which decays, through alpha-emission, with a half-life of 240 thousand years to thorium-230 which decays, through alpha-emission, with a half-life of 77 thousand years to radium- 226 which decays, through alpha-emission, with a half-life of 1.6 thousand years to radon- 222 which decays, through alpha-emission, with a half-life of 3.8 days to polonium-218 which decays, through alpha-emission, with a half-life of 3.1 minutes to lead-214 which decays, through beta-emission, with a half-life of 27 minutes to bismuth-214 which decays, through beta-emission, with a half-life of 20 minutes to polonium-214 which decays, through alpha-emission, with a half-life of 160 microseconds to lead-210 which decays, through beta-emission, with a half-life of 22 years to bismuth-210 which decays, through beta-emission, with a half-life of 5 days to polonium-210 which decays, through alpha-emission, with a half-life of 140 days to lead-206, which is a stable nuclide.

Types of Radioactive Particles Alpha Particles – 2 protons and 2 neutrons Beta Particles – split 1 neutron into 1 proton and 1 electron Gamma Particles – emits a photon

Types of Radioactive Particles Alpha Particles – 2 protons and 2 neutrons Lowest Energy Still fast enough to do damage Easily stopped Relatively large size and mass Large enough to do damage Easily stopped +2 Charge. Tends to pick up electrons & convert to Helium

Types of Radioactive Particles Alpha Particles Emits: 2 p + 2 n Example: Uranium-238  Thorium Helium-4 ElementAtomic # (# protons) Mass # (# p + # n) # neutrons Uranium Thorium Helium242

Types of Radioactive Particles Beta Particles - 1 n  1 p + 1 e - (emits e - ) Higher Energy Harder to stop than α particle Becomes part of material when stopped

Types of Radioactive Particles Beta Particles Loses: 1 n Gains: 1 p Emits: 1 e - Example: Thorium -234  Protactinium – electron ElementAtomic # (# protons) Mass # (# p + # n) # neutrons Thornium Protactinium

Types of Radioactive Particles Gamma Particles – emits a photon Highest Energy Can do significant damage Hard to stop No charge Doesn’t combine with other materials No mass Hard to stop