What is Radioactivity? 18.1. Nuclear Radiation Radioactive Materials-unstable nuclei Radioactive Materials-unstable nuclei Strong Force b/t p and n Strong.

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Presentation transcript:

What is Radioactivity? 18.1

Nuclear Radiation Radioactive Materials-unstable nuclei Radioactive Materials-unstable nuclei Strong Force b/t p and n Strong Force b/t p and n bigger the atom, weaker the force (83 and up) Radiation=Release particles/energy Radiation=Release particles/energy Nuclear decay=transform into an isotope or new element Nuclear decay=transform into an isotope or new element Ratio of neutrons to protons= nuclei stability Radon-natural radiation from Earth Radon-natural radiation from Earth

Isotopes are Isotopes are Written different

TYPE OF RADIATION 1.) Alpha- protons & neutrons +2 He 1.) Alpha- protons & neutrons +2 He Uranium-238 Uranium-238 Positive-Large-Can’t pass through a Piece of Paper Positive-Large-Can’t pass through a Piece of Paper 2.) Beta-electrons Neutron Decay -1 e 2.) Beta-electrons Neutron Decay -1 e Emits negative-Can’t pass through Aluminum/wood Emits negative-Can’t pass through Aluminum/wood 3.) Gamma- high energy light 3.) Gamma- high energy light No charge-speed of light-penetrate through lead- dangerous No charge-speed of light-penetrate through lead- dangerous

Nuclear Decay Alpha Decay-gives up 2 protons and 2 neutrons (Transmutation) Alpha Decay-gives up 2 protons and 2 neutrons (Transmutation) Mass # & Atomic #’s add up. Mass # & Atomic #’s add up. Beta Decay-Gains a proton and loses a neutron Beta Decay-Gains a proton and loses a neutron

Radioactive Decay Rates Impossible to predict when the nucleus decays…. Impossible to predict when the nucleus decays…. Predict Half life of the nucleus Predict Half life of the nucleus Different Isotopes have different ½ lives Different Isotopes have different ½ lives Half-life can be nanoseconds to billions of years! Half-life can be nanoseconds to billions of years! Carbon Dating-find how old something is. Carbon Dating-find how old something is.