CP Violation in B decays 1 Y.Sakai KEK Jan. 9, 2005 experimental review KEKB/BellePEP-II/BaBar
CP Violation in B decays 2 CP Violation CPV: difference in behavior of particle and anti-particle Universe: almost “matter” only (no anti-matter) Big-Bang N(particles) = N(anti-particles) Sakalov: 1. baryon number violation 2. CP violation 3. existence of non-equiblium 1964: CPV discovered in K 0 (J.Cronin et. al); O(10 -3 ) 1973: Kobayashi-Maskawa model 3- generation q uark -m ixing : c omplex phase CPV 1980: Sanda et. al; large CPV in B-meson 1964: CPV discovered in K 0 (J.Cronin et. al); O(10 -3 ) 1973: Kobayashi-Maskawa model 3- generation q uark -m ixing : c omplex phase CPV 1980: Sanda et. al; large CPV in B-meson
CP Violation in B decays 3 Kobayashi-Maskawa Scheme CPV : due to a complex phase in the quark mixing matrix CKM matrix Wolfenstein representation 1 2 3 V td V tb V cd V cb V ud V ub * * * Unitarity triangle djdj ukuk W-W- V kj
CP Violation in B decays 4 CPV in Decay: 3 types in Decay (Direct CPV) in Mixing (Indirect CPV) in Mixing-Decay Interference _ _ |A(P f )| | A(P f )| _ _ R(P 0 P 0 ) R(P 0 P 0 ) |q/p| 1 WW d b t t b d B 0d0d B 0d0d V td V tb ’’ Re( ) Im( ) K system
CP Violation in B decays 5 made by H. Miyake ( A = C ) Mixing-induced CPVDirect CPV Mixing-Decay: Time-dependent CPV Sanda Bigi Carter B0B0 B0B0 f cp B0B0 B0B0 A A = mixing tt
CP Violation in B decays 6 CPV & UT angles ) fB()B( ) fB() fB( A CP 0 d 0 d 0 d 0 d f = S sin( m t) + A cos ( m t) 2Im S = A = qpqp = f AAAA Mixing induced CPVDirect CPV 1 2 3 V td V tb V cd V cb V ud V ub * * * ( A = C ) CPV measurements UT angles Determination of UT
CP Violation in B decays 7 Asymmetric B Factories PEP-II BaBar ~1 km in diameter Mt. Tsukuba KEKB Belle 8 GeV e - x 3.5 GeV e + 11mrad crossing 9 GeV e - x 3.1 GeV e + Head-on collision KEKB PEP-II
CP Violation in B decays 8 Peak Luminosity
CP Violation in B decays 9 Integrated Luminosity 232M BB KEKB/Belle PEP-II/BaBar 386M BB ~530 fb -1 Summer 2005 ~310 fb -1 [as of 26-Dec-2005]
CP Violation in B decays 10 Belle and BaBar Detectors Si Vertex detector Drift Chamber (small cell) CsI(Tl) EM calorimeter /K L detector (RPC+Fe) SC solenoid (1.5T) TOF counter & Aerogel Cherenkov DIRC
CP Violation in B decays 11 1 Measurement _ d b _ c c s d _ w B0B0 J/ K0K0 CP : CP eigenvalue V* td __ t d t b b d _ w w B0B0 B0B0 _ = - cp sin2 1 sin( m t) + A cos ( m t) A CP Mixing induced CPVDirect CPV A 0 1 2 3 V td V tb V cd V cb V ud V ub * * * First observed CPV in B (2001)
CP Violation in B decays 12 Time-dep CPV Measurement Flavor-tag (B 0 or B 0 ?) J/ ( ’) KSKS ee ee zz t=0 f CP Vertexing Reconstruction Extract CPV fit same analysis method applied for all modes B0B0 B0B0 B 0 -tag t z/c eff ~30% t ~140ps
CP Violation in B decays 13 B-meson Reconstruction Energy difference: Beam-constrained mass: Utilize special Kinematics at Y(4S) M bc Nsig = 5264 Purity 98 % CP odd 386M BB B 0 J/ K S
CP Violation in B decays 14 B 0 J/ K L : Signals Nsig = 4792 Purity 60 % CP even p KL information is poor lower purity 386M BB KLKLKLKL K L direction + 2-body decay kinematics
CP Violation in B decays 15 sin2 1 measurement 386M BB sin2 = M BB CP-even CP-odd Preliminary Good tags B 0 tag _ consistent w/ SM expectation WA: sin2 1 = 0.69 ±0.03 < 5% accuracy ! ( A =0.03 0.04 )
CP Violation in B decays 16 New physics Search : b d s d Xs s KSKS b d s d ts s KSKS _ B 0 + b sqq New Physics with New Phase S bs S bc, A can 0 - SM: b s Penguin phase = (cc) K 0 - “b ccs: sin2 1 ” (SM reference) deviation (H.N.Li, W.H.Hou)
CP Violation in B decays 17 b sqq decay modes - - SM expectation “pure” b sss Golden mods - b sdd - f + = 0.91 0.07 [HFAG: Belle(isospin)+BaBar(moment)] * *
CP Violation in B decays 18 B 0 K 0 : result S J/ K 0 fit Good tags - 386M BB Preliminary “sin2 1 ”=+0.44 0.27 0.05 A =+0.14 0.17 0.07 “sin2 1 ”=+0.44 0.27 0.05 A =+0.14 0.17 0.07 “sin2 1 ”=+0.50 0.25 A = 0.23 0.05 “sin2 1 ”=+0.50 0.25 A = 0.23 M BB [PRD71,091102(05)] [hep-ex/ ] Theoretically clean mode 180 16 K s 78 12 K L 114 12 K s 98 18 K L K s
CP Violation in B decays 19 B 0 ’ K 0 : result S J/ K 0 fit Good tags Av 0.09: First established b sqq Penguin CPV ! (>5 ) - 386M BB Preliminary “sin2 1 ”=+0.62 0.12 0.04 A =+0.04 0.08 0.06 “sin2 1 ”=+0.62 0.12 0.04 A =+0.04 0.08 0.06 “sin2 1 ”=+0.36 0.13 0.03 A = 0.09 0.02 “sin2 1 ”=+0.36 0.13 0.03 A = 0.09 M BB [hep-ex/ ] [hep-ex/ ] highest statistics mode 830 35 ’K s 187 18 ’K L 805 67 ’K s 440 54 ’K L _ Preliminary
CP Violation in B decays 20 Summary: Naïve average sin2 1 eff =0.5 0.09 (2.6 from sin2 1 ) b sqq CPV - - (C f = A f )
CP Violation in B decays 21 2 measurement 1 2 3 V td V tb V cd V cb V ud V ub * * * mixing Penguin d b d _ d u u W B 0d0d - + V ud V ub Tree B 0d0d d b d u u W g + - V td V tb t d S sin 2
CP Violation in B decays 22 Effect of Penguin on 2 M. Gronau and D. London, PRL 65, 3381 (1990) Isospin relation EW Penguin neglected (isospin breaking)
CP Violation in B decays 23 B 0 + Signals candidates 467±33 signals 1606±51 K events Loose cuts fit with Shape variable in PDF 227M BB 2820 candidates 666±43 signals 247±31 K events 275M BB (LR>0.86) (<0.86) BBqq Total number of events used for the fit LR [PRL95,101801(05)] [PRL95,151803(05)]
CP Violation in B decays 24 Results good tag A = 0.12 0.06 S = 0.67 0.16 0.06 t (ps) 275M BB 227M BB t (ps) B 0 tagged _ A = 0.09 0.15 0.04 S = 0.30 0.17 0.03 Total background [PRL95,101801(05)] [PRL95,151803(05)]
CP Violation in B decays 25 Experiments Summary Belle 275M B A B AR 227M A ~2.3 difference between Belle and B A B AR S - A ( C )
CP Violation in B decays 26 Significance (A,S)=(0,0) 1-C.L.=5.6x10 -8, 5.4 (A,S)=(0,−0.62) 1-C.L.=5.1x10 -5, 4.0 Large CP Violation, Large Direct CPV confirm previous Belle results (153M) both statistical and systematic errors are taken into account. S A 275M BB Feldman-Cousins Analysis [PRL95,101801(05)] A ~ 3 A CP ( ) 0.37(Av.) [Gronau-Rosner, PLB 335,339(04)]
CP Violation in B decays 27 2 ( ) with isospin analysis HFAG EPS 2005 B ( + 0 ) 5.5 0.6 B ( + - ) 5.0 0.4 B ( 0 0 ) 1.5 0.3 x10 -6 A ( 0 0 ) 0.28 0.4 New BaBar B ( + - ) [hep-ex/ ]
CP Violation in B decays 28 B 0 + CPV B ( 0 0 ) << B ( + ), B ( + 0 ) < 6 26 6 x10 -6 (HFAG) small Penguin effect ( ) 22 A 00 A +0 A +- / 2 f L ~ 100% CP +1 Similar to + , but more complicated … Two lucky cards ! B VV: not CP eigenstate in general + + 0 : wide resonance
CP Violation in B decays 29 B 0 + signal 232M BB f L = [PRL95,041805(05)]
CP Violation in B decays 30 B = 24.4 2.2 x M BB B 0 + signal f L = Preliminary continuum b c b u Helicity M signal continuum continuum [hep-ex/ ]
CP Violation in B decays 31 Fit Results 232M BB 275M BB S = 0.42 0.08 A = 0.00 0.30 t (ps) S = 0.24 A = 0.03 0.18 Preliminary Good tag signal background [hep-ex/ ] [PRL95,041805(05)] B 0 tagged _
CP Violation in B decays 32 + Isospin analysis 2 = 96 13 deg. add new Belle + : B, S, A Note: Isospin triangle does not close experimental error ? 2 <116 CL
CP Violation in B decays 33 B 0 + CPV B 0 + : not CP eigenstate, same diagram as + Mixing CPV with 4 amplitudes (complicated) B 0 + 0 : Dalitz [BaBar PRL 91,201802(’03); Belle PRL94,121801(’05)] s = m( ) 2 s + =m( ) 2 A = f A + f A + f A f i (s +, s ) : form factors (Breit-Wigner) A( i j ) = A ij =e i 2 T ij + P ij P = (P +P )/2 Fit to t, Dalitz dist. 2 w/o discrete ambiguity ! ++ ++ ++
CP Violation in B decays 34 t-Dalitz Fit Results Preliminary m( ) 2 m( ) 2 m’ ’’ transformation 232M BB Square Dalitz [hepex/ ]
CP Violation in B decays 35 + Dalitz: Constraint on 2 2 = 113 6 deg [hepex/ ]
CP Violation in B decays 36 Summary of 2 2 = 99 deg. 13 8
CP Violation in B decays 37 3 measurement 1 2 3 V td V tb V cd V cb V ud V ub * * * u b u u c s W B +d+d D0D0 V cs VubVub u b u s u c W B +d+d D0D0 ++ V us V cb _ f COM interference Simple mixing CPV 3 ( with B d ) + Tree 3 3
CP Violation in B decays 38 3 : GWL & ADS method 1) f COM = D CP Gronau-Wyler-London [PLB 253,483; 265,172(’91)] D 0 /D 0 + - / + - (CP=+1), S 0 / .. (CP= 1) 2) f COM = D DCSD Atwood-Dunietz-Soni [PRL 91,171801(’03)] ex) B + D 0 [ - + ] + & D 0 - + ] + _ _ Measurements have been done, but only give loose constraint on 3 need more data Measurements have been done, but only give loose constraint on 3 need more data
CP Violation in B decays 39 Novel method: Dalitz f COM = D K S B+:B+: B-:B-: m + =m(K s + ), m =m(K s ) CPV : Asymmetry in Dalitz dist.: r r |A 2 | |A 1 | r = obtain from tagged D 0 (D *+ D 0 + ) sample
CP Violation in B decays 40 CPV in Dalitz plane MC simulation 3 = 70 deg. = 0, r = B+B+ BB Sensitivity to 3
CP Violation in B decays 41 Signal yields 232M BB 275M BB D 0 K* D0KD0K D* 0 K [D 0 0 ] 209 signals 58 signals 36 signals 49 signals 90 signals 282 signals [PRL95,121802(05)] [hepex/ ][hepex/ ] EE EE EE
CP Violation in B decays 42 Dalitz Plots: D 0 K 232M BB 275M BB B+B+ BB B+B+ BB
CP Violation in B decays 43 3 Fit Results 3 (deg) rBrB rBrB 3 (deg) D 0 K* D0KD0K D* 0 K [D 0 0 ] r B : different for modes D0KD0K D* 0 K [D 0 0 ]
CP Violation in B decays 44 3 Summary [hepex/ , ] 3 = 63 deg [PRL95,121802(05)]
CP Violation in B decays 45 b u W B 0 ++ VudVud VcbVcb c d D*D* d d b c W B 0 ++ V cd V ub u d D*D* d d (B 0 →D ) ~ 1 + cos( mt) – S sin( mt) (B 0 →D ) ~ 1 + cos( mt) S sin( mt) (B 0 →D ) ~ 1 cos( mt) S sin( mt) (B 0 →D ) ~ 1 cos( mt) S sin( mt) Cabibbo favored Cabibbo suppressed CP S = 2( 1) L R sin(2 1 3 ) : hadronic phase, R = ~0.02 A CF A DCS mixing mixing induced CPV [L=0 (D ), 1(D ) R, not same for D and D sin(2 1 + 3 ): B 0 D (*)+ - TCPV 4 2 [I.Dunietz, PLB 427,179(’98)] B0→B0→ mixing A DCS A CF
CP Violation in B decays 46 t Distributions B 0 D 10.6K cand.(96% purity) B0B0 B0B0 152M BB 232M BB partial reconstruction B0B0 B0B0 D CP Full recon t(ps) 89.3K signals Good tag Lepton tag background D D [hepex/ ][PRL 93,031802(04)] D D D
CP Violation in B decays 47 sin(2 1 + 3 ): Summary D* DD DD (c~0 if ~0 or 180 deg.) R D : estimated form B (B D s ) [SU(3) symmetry] No significant constraint on 3 yet !
CP Violation in B decays 48 Solution of sin2 1 Ambiguity sin2 1 : 4-fold ambiguity; 1 /2- 1, 1 + 3 /2- 1 J/ K* 0 : Time-dependent angular analysis interference A // A , A 0 A cos2 1 BaBar: cos2 1 = 3.32 0.27 (88M BB) Belle: cos2 1 = 0.56 0.79 0.11 (275M BB) _ _ D 0 [K s + - h 0 : Time-dependent Dalitz-plot analysis = Dh e -i2 1 f (m + 2,m 2 ) / f (m 2,m 2 ) 2 1 phase depends on (m + 2,m 2 ) : known 2Im S = New ! use D (*) 0, D (*) , D ,(309 31 signals) 1 = ( 16 21 12) o 386M BB exclude 1 = 68 o solution >95% CL [PRD71,032005(05)] [PRL95,091601(05)] [hep-ex/ ]
CP Violation in B decays 49 1 2 3 Summary Consistent with 1 + 2 + 3 = 180 o SM constraints
CP Violation in B decays 50 CKM Global Fit 1 2 3 V td V tb V cd V cb V ud V ub * * * m d b d b c l b u l
CP Violation in B decays 51 A CP (B f) (B f) (B f) (B f) = A 1 A 2 sin( 1 2 ) 1 2 ) A 1 2 A 2 2 A 1 A 2 cos( 1 2 ) 1 2 ) 2 2 Direct CPV: B Penguin d b d _ s/d u u W B 0d0d -- + V us/d V ub Tree Key prediction of Kobayashi-Maskawa model Strong support of KM B 0d0d d b d u u W g + -- V ts/d V tb t s/d Observation in B Tree-Penguin interference Direct CP Violation
CP Violation in B decays 52 A CP (B 0 K ) A CP = significance ! Signal: 3042 M BB386M BB Signal: 1601 51 A CP = (4.2 World Average (+CDF/Cleo) [HFAG] A CP = [hepex/ ] [PRL 93,131801(05)]
CP Violation in B decays 53 A CP for Charmless B decays
CP Violation in B decays 54 A CP : 3-body Dalitz alnaysis 386M BB (770) 0 K (782) 0 K f 0 (980) K f 0 (1370) K f 2 (1275) K c0 (782) K Non-res. (892) 0 (1430) 0 = 1 for B ]
CP Violation in B decays 55 DCPV: B 0 K [hepex/ ] A CP =30 11 2 % (3.9 ) +11 4 [A CP =34 13 6 % ] BaBar +15 20 1 st DCPV in Charged particle ! [PRD72,072003(05)]
CP Violation in B decays 56 CPV in Mixing A SL (t) (B 0 X) B 0 (B 0 X) B 0 (B 0 X) B 0 (B 0 X) B 0 |p/q| 2 |q/p| 2 |p/q| 2 +|q/p| 2 SM: O(10 -3 ) t-independent Belle: A CP = 0.1 0.79 0.70 % 85M BB Babar: A CP = 0.5 1.2 1.4 % 23M BB [PRL 88,321801(02)] World Average (+LEP/Cleo) [HFAG] A LS = 0.30 0.78 % Large A SL New Physics Not yet observed: only missing peace of SM CPV in B still far away from SM [hepex/ ]
CP Violation in B decays 57 Summary CP Violation in B decays Large CPV [O(1)~O(0.1)] established in Mixing-Decay Interference & Direct CPV not yet in Mixing [O(10 -3 ) in SM] UT angle measurements with CPV 1 = ( 21.7 ) o 1 = ( 99 ) o 1 = ( 63 ) o Great success of KM scheme ! New Physics Search More precision, b s penguins, new modes… New Physics Search More precision, b s penguins, new modes… Excitement with more data Now
CP Violation in B decays 58 Future Prospect ~10 10 BB/year !! 1.6x fb -1 5x10 34 ~1 ab -1 5x ~50 ab -1 L peak L int Crab cavities Crab cavities Major upgrade of KEKB & Belle World Highest Luminosity ! (cm -2 s -1 )
CP Violation in B decays 59 backup
CP Violation in B decays 60 Physics Reach SuperKEKB 5ab -1 50ab -1 LHCb Physics at Super B Factory (hep-ex/ ) 2fb -1
CP Violation in B decays 61 b ccd: J/ , D D -
CP Violation in B decays 62 B 0 K 0 386M BB KSKS Nsig=180 16 purity 0.57 Nsig= 78 13 KLKL purity 0.12 Preliminary Event Shape
CP Violation in B decays 63 B 0 ’ K 0 386M BB ’K S Nsig=830 35 purity 0.61 Nsig= 187 18 ’K L purity 0.66 highest statistics mode Preliminary Event Shape
CP Violation in B decays 64 Extraction of 3 ? estimated form B (B D s ) [SU(3) symmetry] No significant constraint yet ! R