Daily Assignment 1.Complete the map on Native Americans by following the directions in your packet. 2.Highlight all words on your vocabulary list that.

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Daily Assignment 1.Complete the map on Native Americans by following the directions in your packet. 2.Highlight all words on your vocabulary list that are in bold print with a different color than those you have used. Add #37 to this list. 3.Use the packet on the front table to complete the note sheet in your packet. 4.Complete Journal #4: How were the Native Americans impacted by westward expansion. Answer in a paragraph.

The Impact of Expansion on Native Americans For a short time we lived quietly. But this could not last. White men had found gold in the mountains around the land of winding water.- Chief Joseph (Nez Perce)

Early conflicts between the settlers and the Native Americans King Philip’s War: 1675-Metacom a/k/a King Philip, united Natives in an unsuccessful fight against New England colonists The Treaty of Greenville: 1795-Native Americans lost much of their territory in what is today Ohio Tippecanoe: 1811-Shawnee leader, Tecumseh was defeated by W. H. Harrison

King Philip a/k/a Metacom Tecumseh Treaty of Greenville Battle of Fallen Timbers All conflicts showed that the USA would dominate the Native Americans.

The Cherokee and the Trail of Tears The Cherokee helped Jackson fight against the British in the War of Jackson became President. Gold was discovered on Cherokee lands in Georgia and whites wanted to settle the land to claim gold. The Supreme Court believed the land belonged to the Cherokee, but Jackson did not. Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act to force the Cherokee to relocate to Indian Territory (Oklahoma). Martin Van Buren carried out the Indian Removal Act and required the Cherokee to travel the Trail of Tears to the Indian Territory.

The Trail of Tears 800 miles long Over ¼ of the Cherokee died from disease, starvation, and/or exposure to the weather.

The Trail of Tears

Buffalo The Plains Indians depended on the buffalo for their livelihood. Settlers killed the buffalo to sell their hides and make way for ranchers and cattle. As a result, the buffalo population dwindled from 15,000,000 in 1800 to 1000 in 1870.

Buffalo Bill Buffalo hide tent “The Buffalo Hunt”

Reservations As gold and silver were found settlers and Natives clashed. Natives were forced to live on reservations so they would not interfere with gold rushes. Reservations were parcels of land that Native Americans were forced to live on by the US government. Prior to reservations, Native Americans freely roamed and used all western lands.

Reservations

The Indian Wars Sand Creek Massacre- The Cheyenne were forced to give up claims to land. More than 270 (mostly women and children) were killed by the US. The Battle of Little Bighorn-The Sioux, under Crazy Horse, encircled and defeated General Custer, killing him and 200 of his men. It is known as Custer’s Last Stand. Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce-The tribe killed US troops, the US retaliated and the Nez Perce were caught trying to escape to Canada. They were then forced to live in Oklahoma. Wounded Knee-US though Sitting Bull was using the Ghost Dance to scare them. When they tried to arrest Sitting Bull, gunshots were fired. The Sioux lost and this ended the Indian Wars.

The Indian Wars

Surrender of the Cheyenne after the Sand Creek Massacre

Helen Hunt Jackson She was the author of A Century of Dishonor, 1881 It described the horrible treatment of the Native Americans The book made the public aware of American policy toward the Native Americans. It led the US government to pass the Dawes Act.

The Dawes Severalty Act-1887 Attempted to assimilate Native Americans into US American society Abolished tribal organizations Divided up reservations for the purpose of allotting land to individual Native American families Ownership would pass to the family after 25 years of living on the land Natives would also earn citizenship at this time

The Dawes Act

Carlisle Indian School Created in1878 in an abandoned military post in Pennsylvania Captain Richard H. Pratt founded and ran the school. His plan was “to kill the Indian not the man” Many other Indian Boarding Schools were created in the US to assimilate Natives into European (white) society. Jim Thorpe

Why the Dawes Act was a failure Most Natives did not want to give up their culture to be assimilated into white culture. Many Natives had not interest in farming. Land that Natives received for farming was not fertile for growing crops. Much of the Native population decreased due to poverty and disease.