Long-Term Memory Information not lost from STM is then passed to LTM Information not lost from STM is then passed to LTMCapacity Virtually unlimited Duration Up to a lifetime – relatively permanent Processing Information is organised according to meaning and is associatively linked

LTM can be divided into Sub-sections LTM Implicit Memory Explicit or Declarative (information) Episodic (events) Semantic (facts) Procedural (How to do things)

Procedural Memory (actions) Stores knowledge of how to do things Stores knowledge of how to do things Starts slowly, over time -> faster (automatic) Starts slowly, over time -> faster (automatic) Resistant to forgetting Resistant to forgetting What examples can you think of???? What examples can you think of????

Declarative Memory (information) Contains information about the world Contains information about the world –Episodic Memory (events)  Information about yourself, things that have happened involving you  Personalised knowledge  Autobiographical  Subject to forgetting – less useful –Semantic Memory (facts)  General information about the world  Includes facts, figures and other information  Encyclopaedic  Less subject to forgetting – more useful

Organisation of information in LTM – Semantic Network Theory

SEMANTIC NETWORK THEORY LTM is organised systematically into hierarchical networks arranged as interrelated categories and sub-categories LTM is organised systematically into hierarchical networks arranged as interrelated categories and sub-categories Short link between 2 concepts indicates strong association Short link between 2 concepts indicates strong association Information is organised in terms of meaning Information is organised in terms of meaning –Information is organised as concepts –A concept is a piece of information together with the characteristics (properties) of that information –The concepts are organised hierarchically –Broadest at the top

SEMANTIC NETWORK THEORY continued Based on studies that required p’s to memorise lists of words which could be placed into any of 4 categories (not disclosed to p’s) Based on studies that required p’s to memorise lists of words which could be placed into any of 4 categories (not disclosed to p’s) 60 words – presented in random order 60 words – presented in random order p’s tended to recall the words in their categories (animals, vegetables, names and occupations) despite the originally random presentation p’s tended to recall the words in their categories (animals, vegetables, names and occupations) despite the originally random presentation

Have a go at creating your own example of Semantic Network Eg. Food