Animal Reproduction Chapter 46

Goals: Big Idea #1: Evolution Big Ideas #2 & 4: Organization of the human reproductive system: Organ /Organ system level Cellular level Homeostasis and Feedback

Do all animals reproduce sexually? All animals have a sexual life cycle. Is sex an advantage in good times or bad? Individual animals may reproduce asexually Red Queen Hypothesis Hydra (Mastering Biology Video Clip)

Regulation of hermaphrodites What might be altering gene regulation?

Red Queen Hypothesis

Female Reproductive System 46.4 Activity on Mastering Biology Know major tissues Role of fallopian tubes in fertilization Critical thinking: Why do fertility rates rise and fall during the menstral cycle?

Male Reproductive System Mastering Biology: Know major tissues Role of the testis and structure meets function Critical thinking: Why does a vasectomy drastically reduce the chance of fertility?

Spermatogenesis

Oogenesis

Hormonal Regulation of Reproduction STEROID HORMONES Differentiate males and females: Estrogen & Testosterone PROTEIN HORMONES Same structure; different targets in M & F: GnRH FSH LH

Male Regulation How would anabolic steroids affect negative feedback?

Female Regulation How does hormonal supplementation with estrogen and progesterone act as birth control?

Combining of male and female gametes How is apoptosis activated to prevent double fertiization?

Regulation of Birth and Milk Production What type of feedback is this? Why is this type of feedback useful? How could this system be used to induce labor?

Biotechnology Discussion: In what ways is biotechnology introducing a “Brave New World” of Reproduction? What are the ethical implications?

Formative Assessment How does the organization of either the male or female reproductive system aid in its function? How is reproduction regulated and how can this regulation be affected? Is sex always an advantage? When might it not be an advantage for an animal to reproduce sexually?