Can one safety program change a railroad's safety culture? First International Safety Culture Symposium Halifax, Nova Scotia October 1, 2014

What is safety culture? 2 "The way we do things around here“ - UK Cullen Report “The shared values, actions, and behaviors that demonstrate a commitment to safety over competing goals and demands” - U.S. DOT Safety Council “Safety Culture consists of the following 5 elements: informed culture, reporting culture, just culture, flexible culture and learning culture” - James Reason

C3RS Principles 3 Build trust – Voluntary – Partnership – Confidential – Protection from discipline Focus on low consequence events Accountability through learning from failure

Procedure 4

Received over 3,900 reports 5

C3RS Impact at one site 6

Perceptions of safety culture before, during, and after C3RS at one site 7

Management: missing or unsupported safety processes 8

Regulator: Regulatory mechanisms support existing safety culture 9 Reporting Systems focus on individual behavior and technology No acknowledgement of organizational factors or interdependencies between individuals, groups and technology Regulations foster negative safety culture

Labor: Incentives strongly influence behavior 10 Protection from discipline – contributes to events involving rules violations – One report can protect all team members reduces number of reports

How do we move to a more positive safety culture? 11 SecrecyTransparency

What reporting systems really look like 12

Can C3RS create a more positive safety culture? 13 Yes, but you have to WANT to change

“If you think safety is expensive, try an accident” – Trevor Kletz $10 Billion Implement PTC $200 million Litigation- Chatsworth, CA $58 million : Clean up Graniteville, SC 14 Imagine if the problems that caused these accidents were discovered and fixed before they occurred

For more information: Jordan Multer Volpe Center Thomas Raslear Federal Railroad Administration