SOUTHERN AND EASTERN ASIA Historical Understandings

SS7H3 – a. Describe how nationalism led to independence in India and Vietnam. Nationalism: belief that people should be loyal to those with whom they share common history, customs, origins, and sometimes language or religion.

India Controlled by British until 1947 SS7H3 – a. Describe how nationalism led to independence in India and Vietnam. India Controlled by British until 1947 Indians were tired of being 2nd class citizens in their own homeland After World War II India was divided into 3 countries Hindu India East Pakistan West Pakistan

Vietnam French maintained control until 1954 SS7H3 – a. Describe how nationalism led to independence in India and Vietnam. Vietnam French maintained control until 1954 Surrendered control to Ho Chi Minh Temporarily divided into North (communist) and South (led by U.S.) Did not become fully independent until 1975 when U.S. left

SS7H3 – a. Describe how nationalism led to independence in India and Vietnam.

Mohandas Gandhi Born 1869 Indian political leader SS7H3 – b. Describe the impact of Mohandas Gandhi’s belief in non-violent protest. Mohandas Gandhi Born 1869 Indian political leader Believed all people deserved equality and justice After Amritsar he led civil disobedience Gave them moral advantage Wore the British down One of the most important individuals in the story of Indian nationalism

Reduced to rubble after war SS7H3 – c. Explain the role of the United States in the rebuilding of Japan after World War II. Reduced to rubble after war General MacArthur given job of putting Japan back on its feet Decided they would be constitutional monarchy Wrote constitution called The MacArthur Constitution Created 2-house parliament called Diet Bill of Rights guaranteeing basic freedoms Pledged to pay reparations (damages)

SS7H3 – d. Describe the impact of communism in China in terms of Mao Zedong, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and Tiananmen Square. Mao Zedong: led communist (Red Army) in civil war against the Nationalist forces 1949 Red Army wins and People’s Republic of China is formed Great Leap Forward Zedong wanted to organize farms called collectives Farmers had little incentive to work hard Failed due to famine and was abandoned in 1960

Cultural Revolution Zedong asked Chinese to fight class system SS7H3 – d. Describe the impact of communism in China in terms of Mao Zedong, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and Tiananmen Square. Cultural Revolution Zedong asked Chinese to fight class system Red Guards were created to remove anyone who prevented China from being classless Mao wanted China to be farmers and workers, who would all be equal Anyone against the revolution was put in prison and some were killed

Tiananmen Square 1989 students gathered to protest communism SS7H3 – d. Describe the impact of communism in China in terms of Mao Zedong, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and Tiananmen Square. Tiananmen Square 1989 students gathered to protest communism Students were fired upon and demonstration was broken up

Korea Yalta Agreement Following World War II SS7H3 – e. Explain the reasons for foreign involvement in Korea and Vietnam in terms of containment of Communism. Korea Yalta Agreement U.S., Soviet Union, Great Britain agree restore order with free elections Following World War II Soviet Union occupied North Korea (wanted communism) United States occupied South Korea (wanted democracy) U.S. felt Soviet Union had gone back on their word Led to Cold War U.S. worried about Domino Theory

SS7H3 – e. Explain the reasons for foreign involvement in Korea and Vietnam in terms of containment of Communism. Vietnam Domino Theory led U.S. to Vietnam as well to keep Ho Chi Minh from creating communist state U.S. involvement was supposed to be short but lasted until 1975