Cells and Tissues.

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PROTISTS AND FUNGI.

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Presentation transcript:

Cells and Tissues

Unicellular Organisms “Single celled organisms carry out all functions of life in that cell” What are the functions of life? Why must a single celled organism carry out all functions in that cell?

Unicellular Organisms Paramecium How does the paramecium carry out the functions of life? Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sn3MTYNe8mM

Unicellular Organisms Paramecium Function of Life Paramecium Nutrition Heterotrophic. Cilia moves food into oral groove. Slowly digested in vacuoles. Nutrients absorbed into cytoplasm. Metabolism Takes place in cytoplasm. Enzymes catalyze the reactions. Growth/ Reproduction Binary fission: 2 new cells formed when a parent cell divides. Can reproduce sexually by conjugation. Response Cilia move the paramecium through the water in response to changes in the environment. Excretion Waste products diffuse out through the membrane. Homeostasis Cell membrane determines what gets in and out. Contractile vacuole fills with water and expels it to maintain tolerable water content. Videos: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramecium

Unicellular Organisms Chlamydomonas How does the chlamydomonas carry out the functions of life? Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMNFZnDt75c

Unicellular Organisms Chlamydomonas Function of Life Chlamydomonas Nutrition Autotrophic. Photosynthesis occurs inside chloroplasts. Metabolism Takes place in the cytoplasm. Enzymes catalyze the reactions. Growth / Reproduction Nucleus can divide to produce genetically identical nuclei for asexual reproduction or fuse and divide sexually. Response Flagella move the cell through water. A light-sensitive “eyespot” allows cell to sense the brightest light. Excretion Oxygen, a waste product of photosynthesis, diffuses out through the membrane. Homeostasis Cell wall is freely permeable. The cell membrane controls what chemicals enter and leave. Contractile vacuole fills with water and expels it to maintain tolerable water content.

Colonies Some unicellular organisms live in colonies The cells cooperate but are not fused to form a single cell mass Example: Volvox aureus

Multicellular Organisms consisting of a mass of cells fused together are multicellular The cells form interdependent cooperative groups The groups work together to form a living organism with distinctive overall properties Example: C.elegans 959 cells: digestive parts, reproductive organs, nerve cells http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/animal-tissue-types-connective-and-epithelial-tissues.html#lesson (stop at 3:35)

What is their role? Bone cell Ovum/sperm cell Nerve cell Red Blood

How do cells specialize? “Specialized tissues can develop by cell differentiation in multicellular organisms” “Differentiation involves the expression of come genes and not others in a cell’s genome” http://ns.umich.edu/stemcells/C_030206.html

Stem cells “The capacity of stem cells to divide and differentiate along different pathways is necessary in embryonic development. It also makes stem cells suitable for therapeutic uses.” http://ns.umich.edu/stemcells/022706_TabA.html

Stem Cells Summary What are stem cells? What are the sources of stem cells? In what ways might they be useful? What is stem cell research controversial?