Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Serial interfaces Serial Interfaces allow communication between devices sending one bit at a time. In contrast Parallel interfaces have multiple data lines allowing whole words to be sent as a single operation. There are different protocols for serial communication, common examples: ● Serial Peripheral Interface SPI ● I2C (i-squared cee)

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI) - Lots of devices use SPI to communicate - There is always a Master Device (eg. PIC ) - and a Slave Device(s) (eg. SPI eeprom OR an ADC) - Many PICs have inbuilt SPI or I2C - The PIC16F84A does not! (need to implement it in software) The SPI protocol uses 4 lines to connect the two devices All slaves have a unique line to select the device. The other lines can be shared.

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering The SPI bus specifies four logic signals: ● SCLK: serial clock (used to synchronise serial transfer) ● MOSI: master output, slave input (used to send data to device) ● MISO: master input, slave output (used to receive data from device ) ● SS: slave select (active low, output from master).slave selectactive low ● The names are often different on the device data sheet!

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Example with 3 slaves

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Voltmeter: Using the MCP3001 ADC PIC Voltage(analogue) Serial digital 12bits (SPI) Volts LCD display Parallel interface SO CLK CS

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Example Sequence for operation. ADC -- MCP3001 (see DATA SHEET) Time Start Discard first 3 bits!DATA

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Example Connections (SPI EEPROM)

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Reading data using SPI. ● We initiate an operation by taking CS low. loop: ● We read the next bit from the SO pin. ● Send a pulse to SCK (low-high-low). ● We finish an by taking CS high. ● Writing data works the same way --- set SI high/low

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Timing Diagrams Tell us how long it takes the device to respond....

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Some typical. Timing values

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Timing considerations. ● PIC instruction is 4 clock cycles 4MHz 1 instruction takes 1 uS ● all critical times < 1uS ● No need to add delays

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Code fragments Define some constants ; define the bits of PORTA as constants ; so we can write stuff like: ; bcf PORTA,SPI_CLK ; sets clock low. SPI_SI EQU H'0' ; See diagram in previous slide SPI_CLK EQU H'1' SPI_SO EQU H'2' SPI_CS EQU H'3' ; spi IO registers Used to store values to be sent to/from EEPROM SPI_IN_BUF EQU H'25' SPI_OUT_BUF EQU H'26'

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Write a byte to the SPI device SPI_OUT_BUF contains the data. Assume we send the most significant bit first. loop: ● Set SPI_SI pin according to left most (MSB) of SPI_OUT_BUF ● Strobe the SPI_CLK to make device read the data ● Shift SPI_OUT_BUF left ready for writing the next bit. ● Repeat 8 times for each bit. Carry SPI_OUT_BUF TO SPI_SI

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering RLF Rotate Left through Carry

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Routine to write one bit to the SPI device ; ; write left most bit (MSB) of SPI_OUT_BUF to device ; SPI_OUT_BUF is shifted one bit to the left spi_write_bit: rlf SPI_OUT_BUF,f ; rotate to set carry bit if MSB is 1 btfsc STATUS,C ; skip if carry is clear goto set_out_bit ; if carry bit is set bcf PORTA,SPI_SI ; if carry bit is clear (SI pin=0) goto doit_write_bit ; send bit set_out_bit: bsf PORTA,SPI_SI ; if carry (SI pin=1) ; now send bit to device doit_write_bit: call spi_strobe ; advance clock to send bit return

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Strobe routine (read/write next bit) ; advance the clock in the serial EEPROM ; no delay needed if running from a 4MHz clock spi_strobe: bsf PORTA,SPI_CLK ; set clock high bcf PORTA,SPI_CLK ; set clock low return

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Writing one byte to the SPI device ; routine to write SPI_OUT_BUF reg to the SPI device spi_out: call spi_write_bit ; write MSB and shift SPI_OUT_BUF right call spi_write_bit ; write next bit etc call spi_write_bit return

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Routine to read a bit ; ; read a single bit from ee-prom into SPI_IN_BUF (right most bit) ; rotate SPI_IN_BUF to the left before reading spi_read_bit rlf SPI_IN_BUF,f ; rotate buffer left btfsc PORTA,SPI_SO ; test the SO pin bsf SPI_IN_BUF,0 ; high? then set bit0 call spi_strobe ; advance the clock return

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Serial interfaces I2C ● More complex then SPI. ● Only uses 2 lines ● Slave devices have addresses OPEN DRAIN

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering How I2C works Video at: Tutorial and C code at:

Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering Example I2C devices CMPS03 - Compass Module SRF08 ultrasonic rangefinder Contact-less Infrared Thermopile Sensor Breakout - TMP006