Tuesday, September 8, 2015 Prompt Resolved: Civil disobedience in a democracy is morally justified.

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Review John Locke Jean-Jacques Rousseau Montesquieu Thomas Hobbes Self-Reliance Civil Disobedience Capitalism Community Knowledge Beauty Kant and democracy Sanctity of Life Quality of Life Privacy Self-Actualization Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism Jeremy Bentham Values the greatest good for the greatest number The Principles of Morals and Legislation by John Stuart Mill What will produce the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people? Whatever promotes pleasure and prevents pain. Situation Ethics by Joseph Fletcher Examine the situation before saying what action would be right or wrong. Do the loving thing. Only one thing is intrinsically good – love. The ruling norm of Christian decision is love. Love and justice are the same. Love wills the neighbor’s good whether or not we like our neighbor. The end justifies the means. Love’s decisions are made only specific situations – they can’t be prescribed ahead of time.

Deontology The Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals by Kant Greek for “obligation or duty” An action must be based on its intrinsic worth, not based on the consequences of the act. What is right needs to be decided prior to the determination of what is good. Human beings must never be used as a means to an end.

Cost-Benefit Analysis On the Measurement of the Utility of Public Works by Jules Deupuit Based on Economics A good decision maker weighs the advantages and disadvantages of any action before deciding what’s best. Consider the direct benefits, indirect benefits and the intangible benefits. Opportunity costs refer tot the other benefits that are given up by the choice to take the action in questions. Externalities are the negative byproducts of an action that are difficult to measure in monetary terms

Lincoln-Douglas One on one debate Based on philosophy “Value” driven One topic every three months Heavily researched

Public Forum Partner debate Rapid fire Usually about current events One topic Changes every few months Topics a lot like the ones we debate at the beginning of class.

Dramatic Interpretation Performs 10 minutes Excerpts from a play, short story, or other published work. Can be from more than one text. Spotlight on character development and depth Focuses on a student’s ability to convey emotion through the use of a dramatic text. May portray one or multiple characters. No props or costumes may be used. May also include an introduction written by the student to contextualize the performance and state the title and author.

Humorous Interpretation 10 minutes Can be from one text or multiple texts Test a student’s comedic skills through script analysis, delivery, timing, and character development. Can be one or more characters. No props or costumes may be used. Can also include an introduction written by the student to contextualize the performance and state the title and author.

Duo Interpretation Two people 10 minutes Comedic or dramatic Focuses on the relationships and interactions between the characters. No props or costumes are used. Performances may also include an introduction written by the students to contextualize the performance and state the title and author.

Policy Two on two. One topic for the whole year. Tests research, analytical, and delivery skills. Involves the proposal of a plan by the affirmative team to enact a policy, while the negative team offers reasons to reject that proposal. Cross-examine one another. A judge or panel of judges determines the winner based on the arguments presented. Hour long. SUPER INTENSE.

International Extemporaneous Presented with a choice of three questions related to international current events 30 minutes to prepare 7 minutes speech to answer the question Students may consult articles and evidence they gather prior to the contest, but may not use the Internet during preparation. Topics range from country- specific issues to regional concerns to foreign policy. The speech is delivered from memory.

U.S. Extemporaneous Same as International Extemp, but focuses on U.S. current events instead.

Impromptu Seven total minutes to select a topic, brainstorm ideas, outline speech, and deliver the speech. Given without notes and uses an introduction, body, and conclusion. Light-hearted or serious. The speech can be based upon prompts that range from nursery rhymes, current events, celebrities, organizations, and more.

Declamation Select a speech that was delivered in public and perform an excerpt of that speech to an audience. Up to 10 minutes in length. Typically shorten the text of the speech to meet time requirements. Not designed for students to mimic the original author of the speech. Develop an oration that delivers the message of the author in an original and engaging manner.

Expository Five minute informative speech that introduces to the audience a topic of the student’s choosing. Provide unique insights and explore interesting implications. Informative speech. Cover topics ranging from an organization to a product , a process or concept. Effective speeches provide new information or perspectives on a topic, including those that are widely known.

Original Oratory Self-written, ten-minute speech on a topic of their choosing. Limited ability to quote directly. Craft an argument using evidence, logic, and emotional appeals. May be informative or persuasive in nature. Delivered from memory.

Poetry Interpretation of Poetry 5 min limit including intro. May choose traditional or non- traditional poetry May not use prose or drama in this category. Must use a manuscript in Poetry, which typically consists of a small three-ring binder with page protectors. Reading from a book or magazine is prohibited

Prose Uses short story, parts of a novel, or other published work of prose Time limit of 5 min including intro. Typically a single piece of literature Can be fictional or non-fictional May not use poetry, nor drama (plays), in this category. Must use a manuscript in Prose, which typically consists of a small three-ring binder with page protectors. Reading from a book or magazine is prohibited.

Storytelling Select a published story that meets a specified theme 5 min. long Storytelling themes range widely and may include mysteries, heroism, or fairy tales. Select a story that would be appropriate for young children and tell the story as if presenting to that audience. May use a chair Manuscripts prohibited.

Congressional A simulation of the U.S. legislative process in the Senate and the House Generate a series of bills and resolutions for debate in Congressional Debate. Alternate delivering speeches for and against the topic in a group setting. An elected student serves as a presiding officer to ensure debate flows smoothly. Assessed on their research, argumentation, and delivery skills, as well as their knowledge and use of parliamentary procedure.

Extemporaneous One-on-one format Limited prep time to prepare for the topic Students debate a number of topics, as opposed to a single topic for the entire tournament. Each round students are presented a unique resolution. Minimum of 30 minutes to prepare for the round. The use of evidence is permitted, but not a focal point due to the limited time available to prepare a case for the round.

World Schools Features a dynamic format combining the concepts of “prepared” topics with “impromptu” topics Focus on specified issues rather than debate theory or procedural arguments. Highly interactive Can engage each other even during speeches. Good team work and ability to argue.