 1930s – Military in control of Japan  Wanted room for growing population, sources of raw materials, and new markets  Invasion of Manchuria – puppet state created in 1933  Asian co-prosperity sphere

A. The league of Nations forced Japan to withdraw from Manchuria. B. Japan was expelled from the League of Nations. C. The League of Nations condemned Japan, but took no action against them. D. The League of Nations supported Japan’s Actions. E. The League of Nations sent military aid to China to resist the invasion.

 Japanese troops kill hundreds of thousands of captured soldiers and civilians in the Chinese city of Nanking (Nanjing)  Troops raped over 7,000 women  Burned 1/3 of homes

CaoXieXia was originally established as the headquarters of a KMT fortress. It had torpedo barracks. Japanese invaders drove the refugees here in groups to be killed. A government functionary had rather detailed record: "One night, I slept in a big cave in a mountain, there were many refugees... That night, I heard intense machine gun firing in the CaoXieXia direction, there were about twenty machine guns. We thought that was our army fighting back. Next day, before day break, came two people covered with blood... Told their story: after entering the city, Japanese captured POWs and old and young refugees including children and women, total about 57,000 people. Japanese invaders confined these people in the villages at the foot of MuFu mountain... In the evening of 16th, Japanese invaders tied up these people with wire or rope, drove them to CaoXieXia in four columns, and shoot them with machine guns... After that bodies heaped like mountains, the enemy then bayoneted the bodies. At the end they sprayed kerosene and set the bodies on fire. The two people escaped death by covering themselves with dead bodies. Feng (one of the two) was bayoneted in the right arm, the clothing on both were burnt. “ (Reference: "The Hatred of NanJing people" March 10, 1950)

 Attacks temporarily united Communists and Nationalists in China  Resisted but did not defeat the Japanese  Communist carry out guerrilla warfare against Japan  Japan forms alliance with Germany and Italy

A. Mao Zedong B. Vladimir Lenin C. Joseph Stalin D. Deng Xiaoping E. Chiang Kai-shek

 Italians unhappy with WWI settlement  Mussolini promised glory  Solve economic problems by expanding territory for markets and raw materials  Turned his sights on Africa and Albania as source of expansion  Encouraged by LON’s actions against Japan

 Hitler had promised to undo the Treaty of Versailles  Wanted more land for Germany’s growing population  Wanted to control Europe’s raw materials and markets  Wanted to regain lost territory

 In March of 1935, Hitler announces he will not obey restrictions of Versailles  Rebuilds Germany’s armed forces

 Hitler invades the 30 mile area known as the Rhineland between France and Germany (Prohibited by Versailles)

 Hitler annexes Austria, which was prohibited by the treaty – France and Britain ignored it

 Europeans knew the treaty unjustly punished Germany  Neville Chamberlain of GB felt that if you appease the aggressor- then war could be avoided  Preserve Peace by giving in to Hitler