1 COSPAR Assembly, Montreal, COSPAR Assembly, Montreal, Prompt optical observations of GRB B astro-ph/ , submitted to Nature Grzegorz Wrochna Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw grb.fuw.edu.pl „  of the Sky” Swift UVOT

2 The night /19 u Swift satellite as usually hunts for GRBs u „Pi of the Sky” telescope routinely monitors Swift FoV with 10s exposures u Image started 6:12:47 UT shows new object  t 0 = 6:12:49 UT Swift receives the first  -rays u t 0 +2s – RAPTOR telescope takes image u t 0 +8s – object became visible to TORTORA telescope which makes movie of the peak u t 0 +17s – Swift sends out GCN alert u t 0 +51/68s – REM & Swift UVOT telescope start imaging u t 0 +1h – VLT, Gemini-N & Hobby-Eberly telescopes measured the distance z=0.937

3 Automaticaly detected by flash recognition algorithm

4 GRB B prompt optical data „white” data ( nm) normalised to V

5 TORTORA „  of the Sky” Swift UVOT v, b Swift UVOT UV REM R, H, J saturated

6 t 0 -2s, t 0 +8s t 0 +12s, t 0 +22s t 0 +27s, t 0 +37s Wind-Konus data „  of the Sky” data best-fit Band function Spectral energy distribution of the prompt emission

7 GRB B – setting records The brightest explosion ever observed u 5.3 magnitudo at 7.5 Gy (z=0.937) u brigher than SN2005ap u unprecedented X-ray flux The best measured GRB  Optical and  limits before t 0 u Flux changed 10 9 over 1 month  Spectrum covered from radio to  -rays (11 orders) Optical measurements with highest temporal resolution   t<1s for t 0 +8–95s (TORTORA)  detailed study of correlation with  emission   t=10s for t<t 0 – t s („  of the Sky”)  optical and  emissions starts simultaneously ±5s

8 The brightest GRBs missed? Observed very late: GRB >t h GRB A >t h GRB GRB GRB B GRB A

9 Hunting for prompt optical emission GRB and GRB triggered by precursors GRB B triggered by GRB A Who will trigger the next? And when? New approach needed! optical (RAPTOR) gamma emission optical (ROTSE) gamma emission

10 Observing prompt optical emission No one knows were the next GRB will happen Standard approach: u wait for GRB alert and move there quickly l robotic telescopes listening to GCN: l BOOTES, (SUPER)LOTIS, MASTER, RAPTOR, REM, ROTSE, TAROT,... New approach proposed: u look everywhere, all the time wide field of view (  steradians ?) l self-triggering  „  of the Sky”

11 Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw Center for Theoretical Physics PAS, Warsaw Warsaw University, Warsaw University of Technology Space Research Center PAS, Warsaw Special thanks to ASAS and LCO staff „  of the Sky”

12 „  of the Sky” Concept: continuous ~all sky survey (32×3000 images / night) large data stream ( 1 Terabyte / night) real time analysis (multilevel trigger) Project: 2×16 CCD cameras, each 2000 × 2000 pixels Canon lenses f=85mm, f/d=1.2 field of view = 2 steradians = GLAST LAT > Swift BAT Observing strategy: follows SWIFT or INTEGRAL or GLAST field of view detects independently optical flashes detects independently optical flashes all sky survey twice a night (2×30min) all sky survey twice a night (2×30min) follows targets of GCN alerts follows targets of GCN alerts

13 „  of the Sky” – prototype Las Campanas Observatory, Chile In ASAS dome from OGLE

14 „  of the Sky” – prototype 2 CCD cameras 2000×2000 pixels 2 CCD cameras 2000×2000 pixels Canon lenses f=85mm, d=f /1.2 Canon lenses f=85mm, d=f /1.2 common field of view 20°×20° common field of view 20°×20° paralactic mount design by G.Pojmański / ASAS paralactic mount design by G.Pojmański / ASAS autonomic operation autonomic operation internet controlled internet controlled

15 Flash recognition in real time multilevel trigger concept (a’la particle physics exp.) all pixels stars cosmics planes satellites bad pixels One night coincidence

16 Search for cosmic flashes „  of the Sky” prototype at LCO from July 2004 u ~200 flashes seen by both cameras, in one frame only (could be satellites reflecting sunlight) u 8 flashes seen in >1 frame (not confirmed/excluded by others) u Several outbursts of flare stars detected CN Leo EQ Peg

17 Flare star GJ 3331A / GJ 3332 Outburst detected :03 UT

18 „  of the Sky”: GRB observations GRB’s seen by satellites & >6.2006: 5+24 – clouds (4+11) or apparatus off (1+13) 5+24 – clouds (4+11) or apparatus off (1+13) – daytime or below horizon – outside field of view, 4+3 limits published: – outside field of view, 4+3 limits published: GRB B, >13.0 m (GCN 2725) GRB , >11.5 m (GCN 2862) GRB , >12.0 m (GCN 2970) GRB , >11.0 m (GCN 3146) GRB , >13.4 m (GCN 5241) GRB , >12.8 m (GCN 5346) GRB , >14.3 m (GCN 5891) 2+2 – within FOV: limits before / during / after t – within FOV: limits before / during / after t 0 GRB A (GCN 2677)>10.0 m / >12.0 m / >9.5 m GRB (GCN 3240) >11.5 m / >11.0 m / >11.5 m GRB (GCN 6437) >12.2 m / >12.6 m / >12.5 m GRB A (GCN 2677) >10.0 m / >12.0 m / >9.5 m GRB (GCN 3240) >11.5 m / >11.0 m / >11.5 m GRB (GCN 6437) >12.2 m / >12.6 m / >12.5 m

19 Final system Parralax measurement to reject close to Earth sources ~100 km Near completion – we are looking for suitable sites

20  of the Sky grb.fuw.edu.pl satellites comet meteor Milky Way