Introduction to CERN and Grid Computing Dr. Wolfgang von Rüden CERN, Geneva HP ProCurve event CERN, 20 February 2008

CERN stands for over 50 years of… fundamental research and discoveries technological innovation training and education bringing the world together 1954 Rebuilding Europe First meeting of the CERN Council 1980 East meets West Visit of a delegation from Beijing 2004 Global Collaboration The Large Hadron Collider involves over 80 countries Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN220 February 2008

CERN Governance Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN3 Twenty Member States: AustriaBelgiumBulgariaCzech Republic DenmarkFinlandFranceGermany GreeceHungaryItalyNetherlands NorwayPolandPortugalSlovak Republic SpainSwedenSwitzerlandUnited Kingdom Plus eight Observer States: European Commission, India, Israel, Japan, Russian Federation, Turkey, UNESCO and USA Budget: (2008) 1154 MCHF (715 MEUR) Personnel: 2600 Staff, 700 Fellows and Associates, 8000 Users 20 February 2008

Fundamental physics questions: Why do particles have mass? – Newton could not explain it - and neither can we… What is 96% of the Universe made of? – We only know 4% of it! Why is there no antimatter left in the Universe? – Nature should be symmetrical What was matter like during the first second of the Universe’s life, right after the "Big Bang"? – A journey towards the beginning of the Universe will gives us deeper insight CERN is building the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), due to start up in summer 2008, which should give us some answers by looking at microscopic big bangs to understand the fundamental laws of nature 20 February 20084Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

20 February 2008Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN5 LEP LHC 15 billion years 1 billion years 300’000 years 3 min 1 s s s

CERN’s Tools – Innovation at all levels The world’s most powerful accelerator: LHC – A 27 km long tunnel filled with high-tech instruments – Equipped with thousands of superconducting magnets – Accelerates particles to energies never obtained before – Produces particle collisions creating microscopic “big bangs” Very large sophisticated detectors – Four experiments each the size of a cathedral – Hundred million measurement channels each – Data acquisition systems treating Petabytes per second Top level computing to distribute and analyse the data – A Computing Grid linking ~200 computer centres around the globe – Sufficient computing power and storage to handle 15 Petabytes per year, making them available to thousands of physicists for analysis Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN620 February 2008

Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN7 The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) tunnel 20 February 2008

Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN8 The “ATLAS” experiment (under construction) 7000 tons, 150 million sensors, 1 petabyte/s

A Grid with over 200 computer centres Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN920 February 2008

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Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN1120 February 2008

How does it work? Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN1220 February 2008

Proton acceleration and collision Protons are accelerated by several machines up to their final energy (7+7 TeV) Head-on collisions are produced right in the centre of a detector, which records the new particle being produced Such collisions take place 40 million times per second, day and night, for about 100 days per year Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN1320 February 2008

CERN – March February Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

CERN – March February Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

CERN – March February Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

CERN – March February Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

8 February

CERN pushes innovation in many areas Pushing the limits of what is possible – Magnetic fields, vacuum, precision alignment, cryogenics – Transport, displacement of very heavy equipment – High density radiation-tolerant silicon detectors – Large scale industrial control systems – Electronics and computing systems – Project management and coordination Advanced computing projects – LHC Computing Grid – a world-wide collaboration – EGEE – a global Grid infrastructure for many sciences – openlab – a CERN-industry partnership to push IT innovation 20 February 2008Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN19

Essential ingredients for innovation A concrete project with ambitious goals and a deadline Highly competent and motivated teams in all domains and at all levels Open collaboration with competent partners – Prestigious universities and research institutes – Industrial partners for key technologies – CERN openlab in the IT domain Learn from others, share your results freely 20 February 2008Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN20

20 February 2008Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN21 A science – industry partnership to drive R&D and innovation Started in 2002, now in second round, future under preparation Motto: “you make it – we break it” Evaluates state-of-the-art technologies in a very complex environment and improves them Test in a research environment today what will be used in industry tomorrow Leads to better products and methods

Large network behaviour project 20 February 2008Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN22 A high-performance network is an essential part of CERN’s computing infrastructure The project goal is to understand the behaviour of large computer networks (10’000+ nodes) in High Performance Computing or large Campus installations to be able to: – Detect traffic anomalies in the system – Be able to perform trend analysis – Automatically take counter measures – Provide post-mortem analysis facilities

CERN today 20 February 2008Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN Ten gigabit ports (~250 in CC, 10G) Number of Gigabit user ports~70’000 Note: The CORE is based on Force-10 routers

Project scheme 20 February 2008Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN24 Sampled Flow info & other sources Collector(s)StorageAnalysis

CERN – HP Collaboration HP has been an openlab partner from the beginning in 2002 HP ProCurve joined in 2007 Long-term commitment and partnership with detailed projects adapted to changing needs and evolution Very successful collaboration for many years in multiple domains 20 February 2008Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN25

CERN – a unique organisation Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN2620 February 2008

Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN27 The fastest racetrack on the planet… Trillions of protons will race around the 27km ring in opposite directions over 11,000 times a second, travelling at per cent the speed of light. 20 February 2008

Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN28 The emptiest space in the solar system… To accelerate protons to almost the speed of light requires a vacuum as empty as interplanetary space. There is 10 times more atmosphere on the moon than there will be in the LHC. 20 February 2008

Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN29 One of the coldest places in the universe… With an operating temperature of about -271 degrees Celsius, just 1.9 degrees above absolute zero, the LHC is colder than outer space. 20 February 2008

Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN30 The hottest spots in the galaxy… When two beams of protons collide, they will generate temperatures 1000 million times hotter than the heart of the sun, but in a minuscule space. 20 February 2008

Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN31 The biggest most sophisticated detectors ever built… ALICE To sample and record the debris from up to 600 million proton collisions per second, scientists are building gargantuan devices that measure particles with micron precision. 20 February 2008

Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN32 One of the most extensive computer system in the world… To analyse the data, tens of thousands of computers around the world are being harnessed in the Grid. The laboratory that gave the world the web, is now taking distributed computing a big step further. 20 February 2008

The Mecca of the Particle Physics community … Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN33 … bringing the world together 20 February 2008