IAFNR Module 4 Natural Resources Water IAFNR Module 4 Natural Resources

The Water Cycle Image retrieved from: http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iv/ecosystem/water-cycle.php

Indiana Water Sources

Water Use Agriculture Industry Hydroelectric Plants Image retrieved from: http://www.heavenslanding.com/negeorgiawaterrecreation.htm Image retrieved from: http://kgab.com/fish-screen-installed-on-seedskadee-national-wildlife-refuge/ Image retrieved from: http://www.waterpurifier.org/under-sink-water-purifiers/

Water Pollution Image retrieved from: http://www.ecouterre.com/chinese-textile-polluters-regularly-violate-environmental-regulations-says-report/water-pollution-china-1/

Sources of Pollution Point Source Pollution Direct introduction of contaminants into water supply at an identifiable location or multiple locations Mostly associated with human activity Diffuse Source Pollution (aka. non-point source) The introduction of contaminants across a wide area Occurs in nature and with human activity Background Pollution Ongoing, natural processes because of the properties of water Nothing to do with human activity

Urban Pollution Pollutions in our cities due to items such as road salts, street detergents, and sewer systems Also includes groundwater pollution from municipal landfills Image retrieved from: http://www.uppermissouriwaterkeeper.org/ms4-permits-stormwater-woes/

Industrial Pollution Pollution from factories Known to cause the most water pollution Four major categories Thermal pollution returning heated water to a stream or river Radioactive materials Organic chemicals Occurs in both industry and agriculture Inorganic materials Manufactured soaps, drugs, and paints Image retrieved from: http://app.emaze.com/@AOIWROQW/industrial-water-pollution

Agricultural Pollution Most common pollutants in agriculture Animal waste, pesticides, fertilizers, salt and sediments Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Pesticide use not according to label directions may be subject to civil and/or criminal penalties Eutrophication The excessive enrichment of water See photo: a eutrophic lake that was previously used to water livestock Image retrieved from: http://extension.usu.edu/aces/htm/fertilizer-management

Water Purification and Treatment Image retrieved from: http://kit.optic5.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Water-Treatment.jpg

“Pure” Water In nature, water is NEVER pure and clean Why? Water is a natural solvent Solvents are substances that dissolve other substances Water holds many substances in suspension Moving water generates a lot of force, large particles are held within while moving rapidly Image retrieved from: http://www.worldculturepictorial.com/blog/content/in-addition-environmental-issues-bottled-water-may-be-no-purer-tap-contaminants-found-be-sim

Biological Impurities Water Impurities Chemical Impurities Biological Impurities Result from 1 of 3 conditions: Water is dangerous to drink Undesirable color Undesirable smell pH of water should be neutral (7.0) Examples Ground water Iron and manganese Hard Water Calcium or magnesium Sulfur content Mammals, viruses, aquatic trees, and algae All of these must be removed for human consumption of water Turbidity Refers to solid matter suspended in liquid

Water Treatment Municipal Water Treatment Plants Terms Process Influent- untreated water that flows into plant Effluent- treated water that flows out of plant Process Influent first filtered to remove large particles, solid matter, and organisms Mixed with a coagulator in rapid mixing tank Coagulation- the process of smaller particles clumping to make larger particles that will settle out of the water Passes to flocculator where water is stirred to induce clumping and settling After settling tank, water passes through filters

Image retrieved from: http://cof-cof

Wastewater Treatment

References Camp, W., & Heath-Camp, B. (2009) Managing our Natural Resources. New York: Delmar. United States Environmental Protection Agency. (Aug, 1998). Laws Affecting EPA's Pesticide Programs. Retrieved from: http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/factsheets/legisfac.htm#fifra Unity Water. (2014). The Sewage Treatment Process. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8isr9nSDCK4