ACADEMIC ENGLISH WRITING SKILLS Mdm Siti Aisyah binti Akiah Faculty of Science, Technology & Human Development

Introduction WRITING TYPE 1 Interpreting Information Based on a Set of Non-linear Sources Write a linear text ( words) TYPE 2 Extended Writing Write an essay, report, article or letter (at least 350 words) 2 UWB Academic English

Question 1  You are expected to write a short linear text of 150 to 200 words based on:  a headline from a local newspaper  a bar chart  a table  a line graph  a pie chart  a pictograph  a flow chart UWB10102 – Academic English 3

Question 1    Study the following examples of non-linear texts and see how these can be analysed to extract only the relevant information.    UWB10102 – Academic English 4

Question 1 :: Examples of Non-Linear Texts ::  Line Graph UWB10102 – Academic English 5

Question 1 :: Examples of Non-Linear Texts ::  Bar Chart UWB10102 – Academic English 6

Question 1 :: Examples of Non-Linear Texts ::  Pictograph UWB10102 – Academic English 7

Question 1 :: Examples of Non-Linear Texts ::  Pie Chart UWB10102 – Academic English 8

Question 1 :: Examples of Non-Linear Texts ::  Table UWB10102 – Academic English 9

Question 1 :: Examples of Non-Linear Texts ::  Flow Chart UWB10102 – Academic English 10

Question 1 :: How to analyse and interpret non-linear texts? :: ‘‘to analyse’ is to examine the data provided to discover the relevant/essential information presented to be put in the linear texts 1. Skim the text rread through the texts quickly to get a general idea of the information given rread the titles, labels and any notes provided ttake note of the units of measurements used Note: If possible, highlight the keywords in the question. UWB10102 – Academic English 11

2. Extract relevant information using the following questions UWB10102 – Academic English 12 Question 1 :: How to analyse and interpret non-linear texts? ::

3. Write the Draft  Since the essay is 150 to 200 words only, it will be helpful to follow the general plan given below: (a) Introduction begin with a very general statement to describe what the non- linear sources are about. Then write a sentence to describe the general trend. (b) Body analyse and synthesise only the relevant data, significant trends or significant features. (c) Conclusion write a concluding sentence to summarise the data/information UWB10102 – Academic English 13 Question 1 :: How to analyse and interpret non-linear texts? ::

TThings to Remember: TThe report must be concise but accurate. YYou have to make use of the existing data given in the visuals only. WWhile developing the outline into a linear text, use a variety of sentences and a wide range of words / vocabulary use linkers or transition words to give your linear text coherence use words of phrases that describe information in a non-linear source ‘‘to synthesise’ is to combine separate sets of relevant information presented in the non-linear texts to form a coherent linear text UWB10102 – Academic English 14 Question 1 :: How to analyse and interpret non-linear texts? ::

Question 1 :: Vocabulary ::  To denote a rise: UWB10102 – Academic English 15

Question 1 :: Vocabulary ::  To denote a drop: UWB10102 – Academic English 16

Question 1 :: Language ::  To describe a trend that shows a rapid change in an irregular manner (quick, short up-and-down movements): fluctuate (verb)  To describe a trend where there is little change:  Verb: stabilize  Adjective: stable growth, prices are stable, prices remain constant, unchanged  To show comparison: more than, less than, higher than, lower than, least, most, highest, lowest UWB10101 – Academic English 17

Question 1 :: Language :: TThink about the time period presented in the non-linear sources and the tenses should be used. EE.g. If the period mentioned is between , the verb tenses used to describe the information is in past form FFor flow charts, use the simple present form in the active and passive voice if you are describing a process that is routine. UWB10102 – Academic English 18