Absolutism and Leviathan I: The State of Nature

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Presentation transcript:

Absolutism and Leviathan I: The State of Nature Thomas Hobbes

Overview Psychological Egoism Equality The “State of Nature”

Psychological Egoism The Question: Why do people do the things they do? The Egoist Answer: Whenever a person does anything, it is for some perceived personal benefit. Corrollary: No one will do anything unless there is something in it for him or her. This is Hobbes’s basic assumption about human nature.

Equality Factual vs. Moral Equality Hobbes thinks people are equal in fact. Varieties of Equality Equality of Physical Strength Equality of Wit Equality of Ambition The Evidence about Wit: How Smart are You?

Life in the State of Nature Sources of Conflict Competition “Diffidence” Glory The War of All Against All Actual Fighting Readiness to Fight Justice in the State of Nature “Solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”

Review Questions What is Hobbes’ view of human motivation? What is the State of Nature? How does Hobbes describe life in the State of Nature? Why does he think life in the State of Nature would be like that?