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Thursday, January 7 “A” Day

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Chapter 23 Pregnancy Prevention Lesson 23.1 Family Planning and the Role of Abstinence Lesson 23.2 Condoms and Other Barrier Methods Lesson 23.3 Hormonal Methods, IUDs, and Emergency Contraception Lesson 23.4 Natural Methods and Sterilization

Family Planning and the Role of Abstinence Lesson 23.1

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. What do you already know about pregnancy prevention? Make a list of pregnancy prevention methods that you already know about. Warm-Up thinkstock.com/iStock/Maridav

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Family Planning The process of making choices about having children, including number of children and number of years between them More people are choosing to remain childless or to postpone parenthood Family planning allows people to wait until they are financially secure and ready to have children shutterstock.com/Monkey Business Images

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Birth Control Methods Also called contraception Each couple must choose the method that is best for them People can consult a healthcare professional if they have questions Some choose abstinence instead of other birth control methods shutterstock.com/Photographee.eu

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Think Further Are the following statements myths or facts? A woman cannot become pregnant the first time she has sex. MYTH –Fact: If a woman has unprotected sex or uses a form of birth control that is not 100% effective, she can become pregnant any time she has sex, including her first time. A woman cannot become pregnant during her period. MYTH –Fact: Although it is unlikely, it is possible for a woman to become pregnant during her period. Girls younger than 18 years of age cannot become pregnant. MYTH –Fact: Girls younger than 18 years of age can and do become pregnant. Myth or Fact?

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Teens and Risky Sexual Behavior

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Think Further What are some reasons for teenagers to reduce their risk of pregnancy? Physical health risks for the mother Physical health risks for the child Financial burden Disrupted education Economic consequences Social and emotional health risks

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Abstinence The decision to and practice of not engaging in sexual activity The only pregnancy prevention method that is 100% effective Prevents pregnancy as well as STIs and HIV/AIDS Allows time for other parts of life shutterstock.com/Syda Productions

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Think Further Practicing abstinence is the only 100% method of birth control. Read the scenarios on the lesson 23.1 handout. Offer strategies and advice to help these teens maintain their commitments to abstinence. Practicing Abstinence

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Abstinence Refusal Skills

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Choosing a Birth Control Method Factors to consider –The ultimate goal (pregnancy prevention, STI and HIV/AIDS prevention) –Cost and availability –Reversible versus permanent –Ease of use shutterstock.com/bokan

Condoms and Other Barrier Methods Lesson 23.2

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Barrier Methods These methods physically block fertilization by preventing sperm from reaching the ovum Some protect users from STIs and HIV/AIDS and others do not No barrier method is 100% effective in preventing STIs Men and women say that some barrier methods work well for them, but find others to be less “user friendly”

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Condoms Male condoms are worn on the penis during sexual intercourse Female condoms are similar to a pouch, which is inserted into a woman’s vagina Some condoms include spermicide, a substance that inactivates sperm shutterstock.com/kaarsten Male Condom Demonstration Female Condom Demonstration

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Think Further Condoms do not have an expiration date. MYTH –Fact: Condoms can become dry, brittle, and ineffective over time. The expiration date should always be checked, and expired condoms should be discarded. Male condoms can be reused. MYTH –Fact: Condoms should never be reused. Always use a new condom for each erection. Myth or Fact?

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Contraceptive Sponge A barrier method that blocks sperm from entering the uterus A plastic foam sponge about two inches in diameter Inserted into a woman’s vagina and positioned to cover her cervix Does not prevent STIs or HIV/AIDS S. Miller / Custom Medical Stock Photo

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Diaphragm and Cervical Cap Diaphragm –Flexible, cup-shaped disk that covers the cervix –Requires a doctor’s exam and prescription Cervical cap –Flexible cup that covers a woman’s cervix –Requires a doctor’s exam and prescription A.Wilson / Custom Medical Stock Photo CMSP / Custom Medical Stock Photo

Hormonal Methods, IUDs, and Emergency Contraception Lesson 23.3

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. The Birth Control Pill Also known as oral contraceptives Contain hormones that reduce the likelihood of pregnancy The pill prevents ovulation, which means there is no ovum for sperm to fertilize A doctor’s exam is required to use the birth control pill Two types: combination pill and progesterone-only pill A.Wilson / Custom Medical Stock Photo

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Birth Control Patch A thin 2- to 3-inch plastic patch applied to the skin like a bandage Contains the hormones estrogen and progesterone Prevents ovulation and thickens cervical mucus to slow sperm’s movement to the uterus A new patch is worn each week for 3 weeks; no patch is worn during the 4 th week shutterstock.com/Image Point Fr

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. NuvaRing How to Get it:Requires a prescription. % Effective: Typical: 92Perfect: 99.7 How it Works:Hormones similar to those in the pill are released from the ring and absorbed through the vaginal wall. The hormones prevent ovulation. Advantages: Do not have to remember a pill everyday yet receive similar advantages to the pill. Disadvantages:No STI protection. May experience side effects similar to those of the pill.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Depo Provera How to Get it:Must visit a doctor or clinic. % Effective: Typical: 97Perfect: 99.7 How it Works:3 month progestin-only injection prevents ovulation and thickens cervical mucous (harder for sperm to get into uterus). Advantages:Highly effective. Lasts 12 weeks. Many females stop having periods. Disadvantages:No STI protection. Tends to cause more side effects than other hormonal methods. Fertility may not return for several months after last injection.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Implanon How to Get it:Inserted and removed by a health care provider. % Effective: More than 99% How it Works:Hormonal implant, inserted under the skin on the inside of the arm, slowly releases hormone that prevents ovulation and thickens cervical mucous. Advantages:Highly effective. Discreet. Lasts 3 years. Do not have to remember anything. Disadvantages:No STI protection. Irregular bleeding. Insertion and removal may cause pain, swelling, scarring.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. How do the vaginal ring, birth control shot, and birth control implant prevent pregnancy? All three of these birth control methods release hormones that inhibit ovulation and thicken cervical mucus to prevent pregnancy. Critical Thinking

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Intrauterine Device (IUD) A small, T-shaped device that contains hormones Inserted into the uterus by a doctor Paraguard –Thought to interfere with sperm movement, fertilization, and implantation Mirena –Inhibits ovulation CMSP / Custom Medical Stock Photo

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Emergency Contraception Contraceptive method that can be used to prevent pregnancy if other birth control fails or has been used incorrectly Plan B –Pill that contains female hormones to prevent ovulation –Available at drugstores with a prescription shutterstock.com/Jovan Mandic

Natural Methods and Sterilization Lesson 23.4

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Fertility Awareness Method A natural birth control method in which couples plan sexual intercourse for times when a woman is least fertile and avoid sexual intercourse during times of high fertility Different types –Temperature method –Cervical mucus method –Calendar method shutterstock.com/wavebreakmedia

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. The Cycle of Fertility The menstrual cycle ranges from 21 to 40 days, with an average of 28 days Generally, sexual intercourse on only 7 of those days can result in fertilization and pregnancy A woman needs to determine when she ovulates to use any of the fertility awareness methods

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. How can a woman use her body temperature as a way of being aware of her fertility? A woman’s body temperature rises slightly after ovulation and stays higher than normal for most of the remainder of that menstrual cycle. By determining when her body temperature rises, a woman can determine when she ovulates, and plan sexual intercourse accordingly. What is the least reliable natural method of birth control? Withdrawal; it is difficult to time correctly and requires self- control. Withdrawal results in many pregnancies and does not protect from STIs. Critical Thinking

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Sterilization A surgical contraceptive method in which a person is rendered permanently unable to conceive children The only permanent birth control method This option must be considered carefully because this surgery can not always be reversed shutterstock.com/Jack Frog

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Tubal Ligation How to Get it:Surgery in a hospital or clinic. % Effective: 99.5 How it Works:Fallopian tubes are cut and closed so eggs cannot reach the uterus and sperm cannot reach eggs. Advantages:Permanent. Most insurance will cover surgery. Disadvantages:No STI protection. Permanent- very difficult and expensive to reverse. Low risk of infection. Some discomfort following procedure.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Sterilization Implant (Essure) How to Get it:Surgery in a hospital or clinic. % Effective: 99 How it Works:Tiny spring-like device inserted into the fallopian tubes. Works by causing scar tissue to form around the coil. This blocks the fallopian tubes and stops the egg and sperm from joining. Advantages:Safer than methods that require an incision. A surgical setting is not needed. Recovery is faster. Disadvantages:No STI protection. Can take 3 months for the scar tissue to grow. Important to use another form of birth control during this time.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Vasectomy How to Get it:Surgery in a clinic. % Effective: How it Works:Vas Deferens are cut and closed, so sperm is no longer part of the ejaculate. Advantages:Permanent. Most insurance will cover surgery. Disadvantages:No STI protection. Permanent- very difficult and expensive to reverse. Some discomfort during recovery.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Think Further Which couples would be best suited to sterilization? Adults who know they do not want to have children Adults who find other birth control methods unacceptable for various reasons Adults who have a hereditary illness they do not wish to pass on Adults who feel they are emotionally or financially unable to start a family Which couples should not choose sterilization? Adults who might want children Adults who are being pressured Adults reacting to other personal problems

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. When Contraception Fails If contraception fails and a woman decides to end the pregnancy, she can get an abortion An abortion is a surgical procedure that ends a pregnancy that has already begun; it is not a pregnancy prevention method This decision should be made only after careful consideration thinkstock.com/iStock/Alex Raths

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Pregnancy Prevention KAHOOT.IT

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