Class Starter #1 Directions: Copy and answer the following questions. 1. Who is an US citizen? 2. How do you become a US citizen?

American Government Unit One: Foundations of American Government

Themes with Concepts/ Topics Citizenship 14 th Amendment Naturalization Limited Government Three key English documents Three key philosophers Popular Sovereignty Declaration of Independence The Social Contract Civil Liberties/Rights Types of governments Rights established by key documents Economics Types of Economic Systems Economic Philosophers.

Chapter 1 Citizenship

What is a Citizen? Citizenship was first defined in the 14 th Amendment to the Constitution following the Civil War in It states that all people born and naturalized in the United States and subject to its laws. It also states that all US citizens are citizens of the States in which they live.

Fourteenth Amendment

Illegal Immigration Political Cartoon

Definition for Citizen Citizens are members of a political society. Naturalization- the legal process by which a person is granted the rights and privileges of a citizen. Aside from naturalization, there are two other ways to become citizens of the United States.

Who is a Citizen? Nearly all persons born in the US or in a US territory (Puerto Rico, Guam) are citizens of the United States. If your parents are US citizens, then you are an American citizen.

Who is an Immigrant? Immigrants are often referred to as aliens. A resident alien is a person from a foreign nation who has permanent legal residence in the US. A nonresident alien is only here temporarily. An illegal alien is in the US without passport, visa, or entry permit. Illegal aliens are deported, or sent back to their own country. Aliens can legally become citizens through the process of naturalization.

European Immigrants- 1800’s

Latin American Immigrants Today

What are the rights of an Immigrant? The protections and rights outlined in the Constitution are guaranteed not only to US citizens, but to aliens as well. Aliens are allowed to work in the US but are not allowed to vote. They are also exempt from military service and jury duty.

How do immigrants become citizens? There are 5 steps in the naturalization process: Enter the US legally. Be of good moral character. Declare support of principles of the American government. Read, write, and speak English. Show basic knowledge of American history and government.

How do immigrants become citizens? Applicants must also be 18 years old. Lived in the US as a lawfully admitted resident alien for 5 years, 3 if married to a citizen. Must have lived in the state the petition is filled in for at least 3 months.

How can you lose US citizenship? Expatriation occurs when one becomes a citizen of a foreign nation and give up American citizenship. Citizenship can be taken away as punishment for acts of treason, rebellion, or attempting to over throw the government.

How can you lose US citizenship? Denaturalization is when an immigrant loses citizenship if he or she is found to have been fraudulent or deceitful during the naturalization process.

What is Dual Citizenhip Dual citizenship means that an individual is a citizen of two countries at the same time For example: a child is born in the US to foreign parents. In this example this child has U.S. Dual Citizenship since the child is automatically a citizen of the United States and a citizen of its parent's home country.

What are the responsibilities of a citizen? Know and respect the laws and your rights. Participate in politics and society, most commonly by voting. Can also be done by petitioning the government. All good citizens should stay informed about their community, state, and national concerns.

“E Pluribus Unum” US motto means “Out of many, one” “Melting Pot” theory: individuals of all nations are melted into a “homogenous” culture. English, French, Dutch, & German immigrants were all part of the melting pot theory. “Salad Bowl” theory: different groups keep their differences. Immigrants from Asia, Latin America, & the Middle East have done a better job maintaining their cultural identity.

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Editorial Cartoon Analysis 1.) Are there any real people in the cartoon? Who is portrayed in the cartoon? 2.) Are there symbols in the cartoon? What are they and what do they represent? 3.) What is the event or issue that inspired the cartoon? 4.) What is the cartoonist's opinion about the topic portrayed in the cartoon? 5.) Do you agree or disagree with the cartoonist's opinion? Why?

Court Blocks AZ Immigration Law

Arizona Immigration Law Political Cartoons

US Citizenship & Immigration Services (USCIS) video. Go to the website below to view the video. 48e73a210VgnVCM100000b92ca60aRCRD&vgnextchannel=c242df6bdd42a210VgnVCM100000b92ca60a RCRD

What is a Government? Government the authority that rules a country.

Purpose of Government Maintain order by making and enforcing laws. Provide services for people, such as promoting public health and safety. Protect people from attack by other states and from internal threats such as terrorism. Pass laws that shape and control the nation’s economy.

2 Theories about Government. 1.Divine Right Theory: The rulers were chosen by god to govern and ruled as absolute monarchs. 2.Social Contract Theory: The people gave the government its power to rule them, and in return the government had to respect the people’s rights.

Thomas Hobbes Thomas Hobbes in the 1600s wrote a book called the Leviathan, in which he described the world without govt, “In such condition there is…worst of all, continual fear and danger of violent death; and the life of man is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short…” As a result, people create a govt. by entering into a social contract. Under this contract the people give up their individual sovereignty to the state. In exchange, the state provides peace and order. For Hobbes, the best govt. was a monarchy and once the social contract was made, it could not be broken.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Later philosophers carried on the idea of social contract. In 1762, Jean-Jacques Rousseau published a book called The Social Contract, in which he stated that people gain and lose certain things when entering into the social contract, “What man loses through the social contract is his natural liberty and an unlimited right to everything that tempts him and that he can acquire. What he gains is civil liberty and the exclusive ownership of all he possesses.” Rousseau describes the social contract in terms of property rights. Without government, a person can own anything s/he can take by force. With government, a person owns anything that they possess – whether or not they have the force to keep it.

John Locke English Philosopher In Locke’s view, if a government failed to properly ensure these natural rights for the people, they had the right to abolish that government and form a new one. Right to Revolution Thomas Jefferson who wrote the Declaration of Independence, included Locke’s idea of natural rights by listing life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness and adopting the idea of dissolving a government that does not protect the natural rights of its people. 1)John Locke had his own ideas about the social contract. He believed that the contract creates a limited government that relies entirely on the consent of the governed. In other words, the people, and only the people, give it the authority to govern. 2)Locke also believed that the government should look after the natural rights of the people, or the rights that they are born with simply because they are human beings. Locke wrote about these rights in his Two Treatises on Government, where he listed the natural rights as the rights to life, liberty, and property.

Government Systems 1.A unitary system gives all key powers to the national or central government. Ex. Great Britain. 2.A confederacy is a loose association of independent states that come together to form “a league of friendship.. Our first form of government was the Articles of Confederation – but it failed to unite the states so that they could work together. 3.A federal system of government divides the powers of government between the national and state governments. Ex. US

Major Types of Government In an autocracy, such as a dictatorship or absolute monarchy, power and authority reside in a single individual. In an oligarchy, such as a communist country, a small group holds power in the government. In a democracy, such as the United States, the people hold the sovereign power of government.

Auto means self or 1 cracy means rule by Autocracy=rule by 1 Other names for an autocracy Dictatorship Aka Totalitarian (Leader has “total” control) Monarchy(king or queen rules)

2 Types of Democracy Direct democracy =Every citizen votes & participates in govt. Ex. Ancient Athens, Greece & the Mayflower Compact (signed by the Pilgrims) Representative democracy =type of democracy we have in the US. People elect representatives who govern for them. AKA (also known as) indirect democracy, a republic, federal system

Principles of a Democracy Majority rule but respects the rights of minorities. Limited Government. Popular sovereignty: power rest with the people Rule of law means laws apply to everyone and NO ONE is above the laws. Separation of Powers =3 branches of govt. with power divided between them.

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