Psychological Aspects of Physical Disorders DSM-IV and Physical Disorders DSM-IV and Physical Disorders  Coded on Axis III  Recognize that psychological factors can affect medical conditions (and vice-versa) Psychological, Behavioral, and Social Factors Psychological, Behavioral, and Social Factors  Major contributors to medical illness and disease Examples include STDs, cancer, cardiovascular diseases Examples include STDs, cancer, cardiovascular diseases

Psychological, Behavioral, and Social Aspects of Health Two Primary Paths Two Primary Paths  Psychological factors can influence basic biological processes  Behavior patterns may put people at risk for disease 50% of the Leading Causes of Death in the U.S. Are Linked to Behavior Patterns 50% of the Leading Causes of Death in the U.S. Are Linked to Behavior Patterns

Factors Affecting Response to Stress Interpretation of Stressors Interpretation of Stressors A Sense of Control A Sense of Control Coping Skills Coping Skills Self-Efficacy Self-Efficacy Health and Wellness Behaviors Health and Wellness Behaviors Social Support Social Support Immune System Functioning Immune System Functioning

Psychological and Behavioral Factors How do psychological and behavioral factors affect: How do psychological and behavioral factors affect:  HIV/AIDS  Cancer  Cardiovascular Problems  Others

Treatment and Outcome Available Treatments Available Treatments  Biofeedback  Relaxation Procedures  Hypnosis  Stress Management  Others Prevention Prevention  Lifestyle and behavior patterns Obstacles Obstacles  Denial  Noncompliance

Self Control Behavioral Excesses Behavioral Excesses  Immediate Reinforcers vs Delayed Punishers  Immediate Reinforcers vs Cummulatively Significant Punishers  Immediate Reinforcers vs Delayed Reinforcers for Desired Behavior Behavioral Deficiencies Behavioral Deficiencies  Immediate Small Punishers vs Cummulatively Significant Reinforcers  Immediate Small Punishers vs Immediate but Highly Improbable Major Punisher  Immediate Small Punisher vs Delayed Major Punisher