ROOSEVELT, TAFT, & WILSON

Section 3 ALCOS: 2.2, 2.3, 2.6, 3.7 Objectives  Students will discuss Theodore Roosevelt’s ideals on the role of government  Students will analyze how Roosevelt’s actions on natural resources  Students will discuss the creation of and the impact of the Panama Canal

Theodore Roosevelt ( R )

Life and Career Born New York City October 27, 1858  Died January 6, 1919 Serious Asthma problems Attended Harvard  Later attended Columbia School of Law Historian  Naval War of 1812 Rough Rider Assistant secretary of the Navy ( ) New York Governor ( )

Presidency Youngest person to serve as President  42 years old Square Deal  Various progressive reforms sponsored by Roosevelt Wanted to use the Presidency as a “bully pulpit” Trustbuster “Speak softly and carry a big stick” Believed in a powerful federal government

Trustbuster Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)  Sought to make null and void anything that operates in restraint of trade 1900 trusts control 4/5 of US industries  Many practiced unfair business practices Roosevelt first to use Sherman Antitrust Act to apply to a corporation Roosevelt files 44 antitrust suits in his presidency  Taft breaks up 90 trusts

Northern Securities Company Case (1902) James J. Hill ( Great Northern Railroad ), E.H. Harriman ( Union Pacific Railroad ), & J.P. Morgan ( Northern Pacific Railroad )  Combined to create the Northern Securities Trust Have a monopoly of railroads  Controlled 32,000 miles of track 1904 Supreme Court declares NST violates the Sherman Antitrust Act  Dissolves the trust

United Mine Workers Strike 140,000 mine workers strike  20% pay raise  9 hour work day  Right to unionize Winter approaching, shortage of coal Roosevelt calls both sides in to work on a deal  Mine operators difficult to deal with Roosevelt threatens to take over the mines Mine workers get a 10% wage increase and 9 hour work day

Deal is Done

World Map

Panama Canal One of the world’s greatest engineering feats Philippe Bunau-Varilla  Convinces US to buy claim to canal Two routes  Nicaragua & Panama Panama a province of Columbia  Bunau-Varilla organizes a Panamanian rebellion  November 3, 1903 Panama declares independence US and Panama agree to deal  US pay $10 million, plus $250,000 annual rent Work started in 1904  Opened August 15, 1914 Total cost - $380 million

Canal Today

Canal Construction

Panama Canal

Roosevelt Corollary Monroe Doctrine  Demanded that European countries stay out of affairs in Latin America US needed to increase it’s role as protector of Latin America US has the right to intervene if a nation was victim of unwanted foreign aggression or it was violating the rights of the United States

Theodore Roosevelt ( R ) Alton B. Parker ( D ) Platform  Supported gold standard  Independence for the Philippines  Against monopolies Similar platform Called Roosevelt “arbitrary and radical” Election of 1904

Roosevelt Parker Election of 1904

Theodore Roosevelt ( R ) Alton B. Parker ( D ) Platform  Supported gold standard  Independence for the Philippines  Against monopolies Pop Vote: 7,630,457 Electoral Vote: 336  “My dear I am no longer a politcal accident” Similar platform Called Roosevelt “arbitrary and radical” Pop Vote: 5,083,880 Electoral Vote: 140 Election of 1904

Russo-Japanese War Russia and Japan fighting over control of Manchuria and Korea  Roosevelt feared this would affect a neutral China Japan destroys a Russian fleet in a surprise attack Japan winning war  Running out of soldiers and money  Call on Roosevelt to help mediate negotiations

Manchuria and Korea Map

Treaty of Porstmouth Takes place Portsmouth, New Hampshire (1905) Taft leads the mediation  Roosevelt holds first meeting aboard presidential yacht Japan returns northern half of Sakhalin Island Russia returns southern Manchuria to China  Recognizes Japanese control of Korea Roosevelt wins Nobel Peace Prize (1906) for his involvement

Treaty of Portsmouth

US Navy Roosevelt wants to send US Navy on a world tour  Claimed it was a practice cruise  Was actually to flex the US muscles  Sets sail December 1907 Calls on Congress to increase the number of battleships  Asks for 4 new battleships, Congress gives him 2 Navy grows from 19,000 men to 45,000 men  Add 10 more ships Becomes 3 rd largest Navy in the world

Muckrakers Roosevelt gives nickname “muckraker”  Came from characters in Pilgrims Progress who raked filth with muckrakes Upton Sinclair  The Jungle  Exposed conditions in Chicago meat packing industry Meat Inspection Act (1906) Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)  FDA

Conservation Sets aside new lands  148 million acres of forest reserves  Creates 5 new National Parks 16 new national monuments Newlands Act (1902)  Set up the Reclamation Bureau  Money for dams, national parks, ect National Forest Service  Gifford Pinchot

Land Conservation