Past to Present

Location  The country is located in the southern end of Africa.  The country is five times larger than Great Britain and three times the size of Texas.

Population of South Africa  Black: 71%  White: 16%  Coloured (mixture of races: black/white/Asian)10%  Asian 3%

Brief History  Colonized by English and Dutch in 17 th century despite the existence of native groups  English domination of Dutch (Afrikaners) led to Dutch creating new colonies in 1795  1900-Diamonds found in colonies led to English invasion and Boer War (Dutch vs. English)  After gaining independence from England (1910), Afrikaner National Party gained majority in 1940s

Brief History (continued)  1948-National Party-invented apartheid to establish white domination and separate races further  1960s- “Grand Apartheid” established- “territorial separation and police repression”  1990 & 1991 – Government repealed all apartheid laws under Willem de Klerk

Apartheid  Means “apartness”  South African system of government from  White minority population controlled the country

Conditions of apartheid  Strict laws: Restricted movement (passbooks) Inferior education for blacks Ban on interracial marriages Segregation Prohibited strikes by blacks

Preferential treatment for white South Africans

African National Congress (ANC)  They advocated open resistance in the form of strikes, acts of public disobedience, and protest marches  They adopted a Freedom charter, which had a vision of non-racial democratic state

Sharpeville Massacre  5,000-7,000 people were protesting pass laws  Police opened fire on protesters. Killed 69 people and injured 180.  African National Congress (ANC) was banned as a result

How did the World react to Apartheid?  A lot of countries boycotted  South Africa during Apartheid:  they refused to buy its products.  Film and pop stars refused  to perform in South Africa

How did the World react to Apartheid? (cont)  South Africa was absent from international sport events for most of the apartheid era due to sanctions  A lot of teams and champions refused to compete either in South Africa or against South Africa

End of apartheid  Willem de Klerk – white South African leader repealed Apartheid laws in 1991

South African apartheid and segregation in the US  South Africa  United States

Mandela and Dr. King

Nelson Mandela  He was the most important Anti-apartheid leader  He spent 27 years in prison for his ideas  In 1994 he became the first black president after the first free elections in South Africa: for the first time the black people could vote in their own country.

South Africa Today  Although South Africa has not completely recovered from the effects of apartheid, the country is much better off than it was twenty years ago…