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Spread of Islam: South and Southeast Asia Unit 3: Chapter 7

HinduismIslam Open/ tolerant monotheistic More rigidly practiced egalitarian Unequal system Varying ways of practice proselytizing

Islam moves to India Indian Ocean Trade: Earliest Muslim influence was through western port cities 1 st Wave in 8 th century: Indus Valley trading kingdom taken over after attacks on Arab traders Not a lot of mixing = remained largely Hindu and Buddhist

Indian Influences Algebra and geometry Numerals! Medicine Chess

2 nd Wave of Muslim Invasions (11 th -13 th century) Muslim leaders pushed east across the Gangetic Plain (Northern India) to Bengal  Sultans ruled from capital at Delhi for 300 years

Conversion Early converts to Islam were Buddhist or lower- caste Hindus  Islam promised a more equal social system than Hinduism and more organized beliefs than Buddhism Sufis (mystics similar to Hindu gurus) were responsible for later conversions Islam grew in size due to migrants coming from the western dynasties Hinduism responded by emphasizing devotional cults and rituals

Decline of Buddhism Muslim raids on Buddhist temples and monasteries Buddhism was disorganized = many converted

Cooperation and Influence Hindus worked as administrators and soldiers for Muslim rulers Muslims adopted Indian culture: food, fashion, architecture  Placed themselves on top in the caste system

Indian subcontinent = Still mostly Hindu! After centuries of invasion and migration by large Muslim communities, Hindus remained majority of population. India remained the least converted and least integrated of all Muslim areas

Southeast Asia Island Southeast Asia was the middle ground between China and India Goods coming from SE Asia: aromatic woods, spices such as cloves, nutmeg, and mace Collapse of Shrivijaya Empire in 15 th century (Buddhists) allowed spread of Islam across Indonesia

What do you think were the benefits of port cities converting to Islam? Enhance personal ties with your business partner! Have a common basis (Muslim law) to regulate business deals! Link to merchants and ports in the rest of the Muslim world!

Southeast Asia Women maintained social and economic status  Matrilineal: lineage traced through the mother  Women were buyers and sellers in markets Bali remained Hindu Mainland SE Asia remained Buddhist