Social Psychology Sisman LHHS Psychology
Attitude Formation Attitudes Cognitive Behavioral Emotional
Origins of Attitudes Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Cognitive appraisals Observational learning
Persuasive Message Familiarity Repetition Two-sided arguments Emotional appeals Arguments running counter to the person’s interests
Persuasive Communicator Shows expertise Repetition Two-sided arguments Emotional appeals Arguments run counter to the person’s interests
Persuaded Audience Low self-esteem High social anxiety
Leon Festinger Cognitive Dissonance When we hold two contradictory cognitions When our thoughts and actions are not the same Strive for dissonance reduction You get what you pay for
Interpersonal Attraction In terms of a long-term interpersonal relationship Women look for personality Men look for looks
Other Factors in Attraction Proximity Attitudinal similarity Romeo and Juliet Effect Propinquity Playing “hard to get”
Body Language Nonverbal Eyes can express attention or deception Crossed arms and legs express defensiveness Rapporting
Personal Space Intimate distance Personal distance Social distance Public distance
Balance Theory Balance Imbalance Nonbalance
Attribution Theory Dispositional attribution Situational attribution Defense attribution Fundamental attribution error
Solomon Asch Conformity Conformity up to 4 confederates Serial position Unanimous answers Ambiguous tasks Low self-esteem
Stanley Milgram Obedience to Authority Authority figure Far removed from person we are inflicting pain on Act shared by others Authority figure is present
Group Behavior Social facilitation Social loafing Evaluation apprehension
Group Decision-Making Polarization Risky shift Diffusion of responsibility Deindividuation
Leadership Styles Authoritarian Democratic Laissez-faire
Types of Power Expert Legitimate Referent Reward Coercive
Altruistic Behavior Kitty Genovese (1964) in New York Thought someone else would call Didn’t want to get involved
The Helper In a good mood Feel empathy for the victim Not highly masculine Sense of personal responsibility Possess the behavioral competency
The Victim Female Attractive Alone Similar to the helper
Situational Determinants Fully understand what we’re seeing No other bystanders (Bystander Effect) Acquainted with the victim Environment is familiar
Environmental Psychology Studies on noise More stress More hearing loss Deficits in learning and memory ability
John Calhoun Density and Crowding “Rat universe” Mortality rate rose Family structure broke down Delinquent male rats Harems
Crowding in Human Environments Prison studies Higher blood pressure Higher mortality rate More mental disorders
Crowding in Human Environments Crowded dorm studies Less satisfaction with roommate Withdrawal from social interaction Tripling effect
City Dwellers Shake hands less Do not help strangers Plan ahead especially when walking
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