11 This is the atomic number :-the no. of protons Na This is the symbol for the element 23 This is the relative atomic mass What does it mean?

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Presentation transcript:

11 This is the atomic number :-the no. of protons Na This is the symbol for the element 23 This is the relative atomic mass What does it mean?

Objectives To be able to read data from the periodic table To learn how to calculate relative molecular masses To understand the significance of Avogadro’s number and the mole To carry out calculations on numbers of particles

Give the Relative Atomic Masses of the Following Sulphur Chlorine Barium Nitrogen Uranium Potassium

What does Relative mean? The mass of an atom is measured relative to 1/12 the mass of a carbon 12 atom. It needs to be measured against 1 so why not use hydrogen which has a mass of 1? Hydrogen is a reactive colourless gas and is difficult to work with. Carbon is a stable abundant element and so is used as a comparison

Relative Molecular Mass This is the masses of all the atoms in a formula added up. Eg carbon dioxide has the formula CO 2 C has RAM 12 O has RAM 16 So 12 +(2 x 16) = 44 RMM of CO 2 = 44

Relative Molecular Mass:- Work out the following NaCl MgO H 2 SO 4 HNO 3 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 NH 4 Cl

Use the balance to measure the mass of a single crystal Can you do it? Talk to your partner and work out a way to do it. Activity:- Measure the mass of a crystal of sugar

How did you get on? I’m guessing you all weighed out quite a lot of sugar and did some simple arithmetic???????? Well, atoms are too small to weigh out so chemists use a large number of of them for convenience This called AVOGADRO’S NUMBER after the clever bloke who thought the scheme up. The NUMBER IS 6 X That’s 6 and 23 zeros! The other name for this number is a MOLE

The Mole Not a small furry animal:- It’s a really important measurement in chemistry! It is 6 x particles It is also the Relative Molecular mass in grams of a compound or element Eg. 6 X atoms of Mg = 1 mole of magnesium metal atoms 6 x molecules of CO 2 = 1 mole of carbon dioxide 6 x Br - ions = 1 mole of bromide ions

Avogadro’s number How many particles in 2 moles of particles? 2 x (6 x ) = 12 x How many atoms in 0.5 moles Mg atoms? 0.5 x (6 x ) = 3 x How many atoms in 1 mole of CO 2 molecules? CO 2 has 3 atoms in a molecule so 3 x (6 x ) = 18 x 10 23