HKCEECHEMISTRY ATOMIC STRUCTURE & THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS.

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Presentation transcript:

HKCEECHEMISTRY ATOMIC STRUCTURE & THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

ELEMENTS (CLASSIFICATION) ELEMENT:METALS NON-METALS (SEMI-METALS) NAME OF ELEMENT (or Atom) SYMBOL OF ELEMENT (or Atom) EXAMPLES:

ELEMENTS (EXAMPLES) 1Hydrogen^ H11Sodium 2Helium^He12magnesium 3Lithium**Li13Aluminium 4Beryllium**Be14Silicon 5(Boron)B15Phosphorus 6Carbon^C16Sulphur 7Nitrogen^N17Chlorine 8Oxygen^O18Argon 9Fluorine^F19Potassium 10Neon^Ne20Calcium metals**non-metals^(semi-metals) ( ar/index.html)

ELEMENTS (PROPERTIES) METALS NON-METALS SEMI-METALS

THE ATOM ATOM (NUCLEUS ) NEUTRONS(n) PROTONS(p) ELECTRONS(e)

THE SUB-ATOMIC PARTICLES PROTONS(p) NEUTRONS(n) ELECTRONS(e) CHARGEMASS(relative)

THE ATOM(NUCLEUS) ATOM NUCLEUS NEUTRONS(n) PROTONS(p)

ATOMIC NUMBER - Z Z = number of PROTONS(p)

MASS NUMBER - A A = No. of PROTONS(p) + No. of NEUTRONS(n)

NOTATION OF ATOM SYMBOL (X) ATOMIC NUMBER (Z) MASS NUMBER (A) X A Z H 1 1 X A Z

ISOTOPES Atoms of same element with different masses (Same no. of p but different no. of n)

RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS - RELATIVE VALUE (NOT TRUE MASS) - CARBON-12 SCALE (12.00) - RELATIVE ISOTOPIC MASS (A) - WEIGHTED AVERAGE OF (A) - NO UNIT (A.M.U)

THE ATOM(DIFFUSE REGION) ATOM NUCLEUS - NEUTRONS(n) PROTONS(p) ELECTRONS(e)

ARRANGEMENT OF ELECTRONS(Electron shells) ATOM ELECTRONS(e)

ARRANGEMENT OF ELECTRONS(stable) ATOM ELECTRONS(e)

STABLE ELECTRON ARRANGEMENT - NOBLE GAS ARRANGEMENT ,8 - 2,8,8 - (OCTET)

PARTICLES (STABLE) n,p,e + ION - MOLECULE (stable) ATOM B ATO M A CATION (stable) ANION (stable)

FORMATION OF CATION (loses electron) METAL ATOM Sodium atom CATION Sodium ION +

FORMATION OF ANION (gains electron) NON-METAL ATOM Chlorine atom ANION Chloride ION -

FORMATION OF MOLECULE (shares electron) NON-METAL ATOM