Water Resources Planning and Management Daene C. McKinney Introduction

Course Objectives Introduction to –Water resource systems Planning, design, and operation –Application of Economic principles (Cost – Benefit and Microeconomic analysis) Operations research (linear and nonlinear optimization, and simulation modeling) to various water resource allocation problems

Course Outcomes Students should be able to –Develop and solve various types of water resources planning and management (WRPM) models –Understand the advantages and limitations of modeling methods and algorithms used in WRPM –Understand and appreciate how models can be used in WRPM –Understand and critically evaluate WRPM literature

Course Topics Planning and Management: –Institutional objectives and constraints –Alternative identification and evaluation –Modeling advantages and limitations Economic Analysis: –Cost-benefit and microeconomic analysis Modeling: –Application of models, solution methods Integrated River Basin Planning

Housekeeping Text –Loucks, Daniel P. and Eelco van Beek, Water Resources Systems Planning and Management: An Introduction to Methods, Models and Applications, (online) –Various readings (online) Homework –Mix of Book-type and Computer-type problems Exams –2 exams, No makeups, No final Grading –Exams (2)30% (15% each) –Homework20% –Project:50% –A % A % B % B 82-85% B %

Texts 1962 Maas et al Loucks, Stedinger & Haith 2005 Loucks & van Beek

Projects Work in teams on real, complex WRPM issues of current interest Teams make oral presentations of results and deliver final report Purposes –Enable you to explore in-depth an aspect of WRPM –Provide experience in: Investigating Writing Oral reporting Teamwork

Water Resources Planning and Management Daene C. McKinney Water Availability

Global Water Resources Only this portion is renewable saline (salt) water: 10 to 100g/L (34g/L) brackish water: 1 to 10g/L (treatable) Fresh water: <1g/L (drinkable)

Global Water Cycle Principal sources of fresh water for human activities (44,800 km3/yr)

Global Water Availability

The Importance of Water Human / Environmental Health Dignity / Gender Equity Economic Growth / Poverty Reduction Environment and Ecosystem Services Food Security / Crops and Fisheries Energy Generation / Flood Control Conflict Prevention and Mitigation Summary of the World Water Crisis and USG Investments in the Water Sector, USAID, 2010

Population and Water Use global freshwater use is ~4000 km3/year ~10% of the renewable supply (44,800km3/year)

Water Cycle Diagram Global Water Security – an engineering perspective The Royal Academy of Engineering, 2010

Global Water Withdrawal

Global Water Use

Water Use by Sector World Water Assessment Programme The United Nations World Water Development Report 3: Water in a Changing World. Paris: UNESCO, and London: Earthscan

Water Supply and Sanitation 663 million people - 1 in 10 - lack access to safe water. 1,2 2.4 billion people - 1 in 3 - lack access to a toilet. 1,2 The water crisis is the #1 global risk based on impact to society (as a measure of devastation), as announced by the World Economic Forum in January World Health Organization and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP). (2015) Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation, 2015 Update and MDG Assessment.Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation, 2015 Update and MDG Assessment. 2. United States Census Bureau Estimates. (2015). United States and World Population Clock.United States and World Population Clock. 3. World Economic Forum. (2015). Global Risks 2015 Report.Global Risks 2015 Report.

Access to Safe Water 2009: 800 million people lacked access to an “improved” water sources. Summary of the World Water Crisis and USG Investments in the Water Sector, USAID, 2010

Access to Sanitation Summary of the World Water Crisis and USG Investments in the Water Sector, USAID, : more than 2 billion people lacked access to basic sanitation facilities

Water, Sanitation & Poverty World Water Assessment Programme The United Nations World Water Development Report 3: Water in a Changing World. Paris: UNESCO, and London: Earthscan

Domestic Water Use Survival = 5 L/day Drinking, cooking, bathing, and sanitation = 50 L United States = 250 to 300 L Netherlands = 104 L Somalia = 9 L * L/c/d = liters per person per day

Water Stress Index Based on human consumption –linked to population growth Domestic requirement: –About 100 L/c/d = 40 m 3 /c/yr Agricultural, industrial & energy need: –About 20 x 40 m 3 /c/yr = 800 m 3 /c/yr Total need: –840 m 3 /c/yr –About 1000 m 3 /c/yr

Water Stress Index Water availability below 1,000 m 3 /c/yr –chronic water related problems impeding development and harming human health Water sufficiency: >1700 m 3 /c/yr Water stress: <1700 m 3 /c/yr Water scarcity: <1000 m 3 /c/yr Prof. Malin Falkenmark

Water Scarcity (2008) Summary of the World Water Crisis and USG Investments in the Water Sector, USAID, 2010 In 2008, over 1.54 billion people suffered from water stress

Water Scarcity (2030) Summary of the World Water Crisis and USG Investments in the Water Sector, USAID, 2010 By 2030, 3.3 billion people will live “water stress” conditions

Water Availability - USA USA –Area 9.36mln km 2 –Population304mln, 2008 From: Shiklomanov Water Resources (bln m3/yr)Water Availability (1000 m3/yr) Trans- boundaryLocalTotalper km2per capita Minimum Average Maximum

Water Availability - USA

Water Use - USA

Trends

Trends

Texas River Basins

Texas Aquifers

Texas Water Planning Regions

Texas Regional Water Planning State Water Plan provides for development, management, and conservation of water resources and preparation for and response to drought conditions, in order that sufficient water will be available at a reasonable cost to ensure public health, safety, and welfare; further economic development; and protect the agricultural and natural resources of the entire state Steps: –Describe the regional water planning area. –Quantify current and projected population and water demand –Evaluate and quantify current water supplies –Identify surpluses and needs –Evaluate water management strategies and prepare plans to meet the needs –Recommend regulatory, administrative, and legislative changes; and –Adopt the plan, including the required level of public participation.

Texas Water Demand

Capital Cost ($ billion)

Texas Senate Bill 1 (1997) SB-1 Directed TCEQ to develop Water Availability Models (WAM) Water Availability Models –Determine how much water is available to meet existing or permit new water rights Assess availability and reliability (volume and time) based on simulating river management and water allocation using historic, naturalized flows, prior appropriation water rights, and institutional policies of water allocation and reservoir storage –Provide consistent set of planning tools and data sets for water planning in all 23 Tx basins Regional planning and processing of new water permits Simulation model: WRAP, data sets developed in ArcHydro

Texas Water Use Permits Any change in water use requires new assessment 22 River Basins - Permits approved if –Unappropriated water is available, –A beneficial use is established –Water conservation will be practiced –Existing water rights are not impaired, and –Water use is not detrimental to public welfare. 23 rd Basin - Rio Grande –Over appropriated for many years –No new rights for additional water use being granted –Rights are commonly transferred between users