Branches Of linguistics Psycholinguistics

Psycholinguistics Is a branch of study which combines the disciplines of psychology and linguistics. It is concerned with the relationship between the human mind and the language as it examines the processes that occur in brain while producing and perceiving both written and spoken discourse. It focuses mainly on how language is learnt , stored and , occasionally lost.

Psycholinguistics As a separate branch of study emerged in the late 1950s and 1960s as a result of Chomskyan revolution. The aim of psycholinguistics is: To find out the structure and process of language and it underlies the human ability to speak and understand

Psycholinguistics answers the following questions raised by people about language : 1- how did language arise ? 2- how do children acquire it ? 3- why does it change? 4- how can we teach and learn languages that are not our mother tongues? 5- How do people use their languages?

• Language Acquisition The three primary processes investigated in psycholinguistics • Language Comprehension • Language Production • Language Acquisition

Comprehension : Deals with what a person does when he listens to speech and understands it , and when he stores it and remembers it.

Production : a person says what he's saying.. It’s the side of language which deals with the question of how and why a person says what he's saying..

Language a acquisition : Language acquisition, is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive, produce and use words to understand and communicate. Language acquisition, the process of learning a native or a second language. The acquisition of native languages is studied primarily by developmental psychologists and psycholinguists. Although how children learn to speak is not perfectly understood, most explanations involve both the observation that children copy what they hear and the inference that human beings have a natural aptitude for understanding grammar.

The process whereby the children achieve a fluent control of their language is both Behavioral and rationalistic but what's the difference between them ???????

- Language is a result of experience Behavioral Rationalistic - Language is a result of experience - Language is a stimulus response process - Language is a conditioned behavior - Children learn language by imitation - Language learning is practice based - Language learning is mechanical - Language is from a specific condition - Language is an innate –born process - Language is not behavior like others - Children learn language by application - Language is ruled base - Language is analytic , generative and creative

Aphasia The sudden or gradual loss of language due to age or stroke. So it’s the inability to speak , perceive or process language. We all can experience aphasia when we cant remember a specific word or when we say " put that in the fridge" and we mean the oven. Such slips are commonplace and are made by all users of language when the are tired , tense or getting old.

Two types of Aphasia Broca’s aphasia : which is traced to damage in Broca’s region. It results in the loss of ability to plan the motor sequences for the production of speech. Wernicke’s aphasia : that results from damage to wernick’s area in the left hemisphere . Wernick’s aphasia suffer from receptive disorders. They don’t have problems in speaking but they tend to produce unintelligible speech and they have severe problems in comprehendng stress and in selecting the right word.