American School History The History of American Education

When I think of Puritans, I think most of… 1.The first Thanksgiving 2.Stern, hateful people 3.People like me 4.Religious intolerance

Varieties of Colonial Schooling Dame School Apprenticeships In loco parentis Latin Grammar School

Old Deluder Satan Law 1636 Establishment of Harvard College 1647 Every town of 50 households…. Every town of 100 households…. Response to a generational problem.

The Colonial Experience Local Control of Schools Compulsory Education Tax-supported schools State Standards Also established “permanently” the tension between religious and secular influences in school classrooms in America

National Identity and Education Thomas Jefferson – educated citizenry for democracy University of Virginia Benjamin Franklin – practical and nonsectarian education Franklin Academy – University of Pennsylvania

The Constitution Expressed Powers vs. Delegated Powers Tenth Amendment: “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited to it by the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people”

Nevertheless…. The United States has a long tradition of federal involvement in public education. We will see some of these instances and realities in chapters to come. Titles (Ten) ADA IDEA NCLB

I like the idea of federal involvement in public education…. 1.Very much 2.Some 3.Not so much 4.Not at all

The Common School Horace Mann “Common” as in common features, not as in for “common people.” Still, Mann’s efforts made standardized education available for more Americans. Rise of the public “elementary school.”

The Normal School Preparation for Teachers – standardized Influence of Horace Mann UMD has its origins in the spread and proliferation of “normal schools.” State and Local funding. Standardization

Federal Legislation Land Ordinance &Northwest Ordinance – Morrill Land Grant College Acts Smith Hughes Act GI Bill National Defense Education Act ESEA – 1965 Head Start – 1964 Bilingual EA Title IX 1972 IDEA 1973 NCLB 2001

“Schoolography” What do you know of the history of schools in your home community? Portfolio Reflection…..

Education in the West in “Big Picture Sense” Classical Models of Greece and Rome Religious Traditions and Education Renaissance Values European Values Renaissance Enlightenment Romanticism

American Pragmatism William James Charles Sanders Peirce Late nineteenth century Orientation toward sense, perception, empiricism – led to Philosophy of Pragmatism

Rousseau Enligtenment vs. Romantic Conception of Nature Conception of the Child The ultimate education Emile

Friedrich Froebel / Maria Montessori Continental Practitioners and Theorists Profound influence on American early elementary education The Kindergarten The Montessori Method

John Dewey Pragmatism Experience and Pedagogy Student-Centered Progressivism Democratic Ideals Provocative and oft misunderstood

Piaget Reorganizing our conception of child development and psychology. Cognitive stage theory: Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete Operations Formal Operations Profound effect on teacher preparation curriculum and curriculum in elementary schools

B.F. Skinner Behaviorism Education analogized to laboratory experiments Reinforcement Theory Positive, Negative rewards Behavior Modification

I would want my 5-6 year-old to… 1.Stay out of school 2.Be home schooled 3.Be in a demanding academic skills program 4.Be in a traditional kindergarten 5.Be in a Montessori program