Laboratory Experiments

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Presentation transcript:

Laboratory Experiments Tajfel (1970) – Intergroup discrimination

Introduction Lab experiments are used in the socio-cultural level of analysis Method used to investigate something with several variables in a controlled environment Can include observations, and questionnaires Controlled environment and standardized procedures

Advantages The independent variable manipulates the dependent variable Confounding variable Cause and effect relationship Variables can be controlled Easy to replicate

Disadvantages Results may be too controlled Artificial environment – lack of ecological validity Deception may be necessary Results may be biased due to demand characteristics

Tajfel (1970) To investigate if boys placed in random groups based on an arbitrary task would display intergroup favoritism and intergroup discrimination 64 participants (school boys) Went to psychology lab in groups of 8 Shown numbers of dots, had to estimate

Tajfel (1970) Second experiment – allocated to random groups Based on artistic preferences Had to award money to each boy once being told each ones group

Results More money to members of own group 2nd – tried to maximize the difference between the two groups Both experiments indicate that the boys adopted strategy of in-group favoritism

Evaluation Contributed to development and support of social identity theory Demonstrated that a minimal group is all that’s necessary for individuals to exhibit discrimination against out-groups Criticized for artificiality and demand characteristics Boy may have interpreted task s a competitive game, therefore reacted how they did

Bibliography http://www.simplypsychology.org/social-identity- theory.html http://psuf25.wordpress.com/2011/09/29/the- advantages-and-disadvantages-of-experiments- in-psycholog/ Psychology for the IB diploma (Study Guide)