THE LEXICAL INTERFACE I OCT 23, 2015 – DAY 24 Brain & Language LING NSCI Fall 2015

Course organization Fun with I am still working on grading. 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 2

THE VENTRAL PATHWAY Review 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 3

The original 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 4

Saur et al. (2008) diffusion tensor imaging tractography 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 5 Dual pathway network for language. Composite fiber network for repetition (blue) and comprehension (red). Three-dimensional tractography renderings visualize the spatial orientation of both networks to each other. Dashed white line illustrates the bisection of the frontal lobe into a ventral part, which is connected to the postrolandic brain via the ventral pathway and a dorsal part, which is connected to the postrolandic brain via the dorsal pathway.

My fourth and final revision 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 6

The dorsal pathway: repetition 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 7 What is your name?

The ventral pathway: comprehension 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 8 my cat

Review of linguistic notation 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 9 'æ' [ N cat] (morpho) syntactic [kæt] phonetic cat semantic

The process as a list 1. ear 2. auditory cortex 3. STS 4. lexical interface 5. combinatorial net 1 6. combinatorial net 2 1. [mai ̯ kæt] 2. [m][a][i ̯ ][k][æ][t] 3. [mai ̯ ] [kæt] 4. mai ̯ kæt 5. mai ̯ kæt 6. [ NP [ Poss mai ̯ ] [ N kæt]] 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 10

The ventral pathway: interaction 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 11 What is your name? Harry.

THE LEXICAL INTERFACE 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 12

The lexical interface 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 13

CATEGORY-SPECIFIC SEMANTIC DEFICITS 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 14

11/01/113Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 15 Do you see any difference between (a) and (b)?

Category-specific semantic impairments Figure /01/113Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 16 concrete (picture-able) animateinanimate animalsplants wild | lion shark domestic | cat goldfish inedible | tree flower fruit & veggie | apple banana ??toolstransport processed food | pizza cider musical instrument | piano drum hammer pencil car bike abstract belief shame 3:1

Semantic dementia Semantic dementia video Semantic Dementia: Deana Talking about shopping 14 minutes of a night with my Grandmother who has dementia. 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 17

Semantic dementia 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 18 Because this disease affects the temporal pole and, with further progression of the disease, the adjacent frontotemporal cortex, the action–perception model predicts that face- and color-related semantic circuits, which reach into these areas, will be impaired more than other semantic networks. The graph presents the performance of patients with semantic dementia (red bars) and healthy control participants (blue bars) in a lexical decision task. … the patients … were found to have more pronounced deficits in processing face- and color-related words than in processing arm- and shape-related words.

CATEGORY-SPECIFIC SEMANTIC CIRCUITS 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 19

Pulvermüller (2013) Category-specific semantic circuits 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 20

SYMBOLIC VS EMBODIED SEMANTICS 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 21

Areas ~ hubs ~ effects = sensorimotor semantics 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 22

The linguistic sign SignifiedSignifier 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 23 cat katu catua kotka miu/mau gat eesa bushi

Ralph, Lowe & Rogers (2007) 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 24 Symbolic semantics ?Sensorimotor semantics

Final project Improve a Wikipedia article about any of the topics mentioned in class or any other topic broadly related to neurolinguistics. Write a short essay explaining what you did and why you did it. Print the article before you improve it, highlighting any subtractions. Print the article after you improve it, highlighting your additions. 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 25

NEXT TIME Q6 More on the lexical interface: word semantics 10/21/15Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 26