HUMAN EVOLUTION SC.912.L.15.1 (Identify basic trends in hominid evolution from early ancestors six million years ago to modern humans, including brain.

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Presentation transcript:

HUMAN EVOLUTION SC.912.L.15.1 (Identify basic trends in hominid evolution from early ancestors six million years ago to modern humans, including brain size, jaw size, language, and manufactured tools.)

A.A CLOSER LOOK AT PRIMATES Mammals called primates include Lemurs, monkeys, apes, humans. 300 species of primates living today Evolved from a small tree dwelling, insect eating ancestor 65 million years ago. CHARACTERISTICS: although primates live on the ground, they retain adaptations for living on trees. Example- a)Flexible shoulder joints (swinging). b)Sensitive fingers/nails instead of claws. c)Hands can hang and manipulate food. d)Binocular vision: Eyes in front of the face and the field of vision overlap enhancing depth perception.

PRIMTES ARE DIVIDED INTO 2 MAJOR GROUPS 1 ST group: Includes lorises, galagos, and lemurs. Lemurs (Madagascar) Lorises (Africa and South Asia) They are mostly nocturnal, tree dwellers and have claws. 2nd group: Includes tarsiers, new world monkeys, old world monkeys, apes and humans. Tarsiers (South East Asia) New Word Monkeys: (Americas) Tree dwellers, prehensile (grasping) tails for swinging. Old World Monkey: Tree dwellers but tails are not prehensile, include baboons, macaques, and mandrills.

Chimpanzees are biologically the closest relatives of humans; differing in about 5% of their DNA sequence.

B. EARLY HOMINIDS Mammals that are more closely related to humans than to any other species family are called hominids (family Hominidae, Order Primates). Today, only 1 species of hominids exist: Homo sapiens (modern humans). Earliest man may have lived 6 to 7 million years ago. 2 Important Developments: 1.WALKING UPRIGHT: Australepithecus aferensis provides the oldest evidence of upright posture and BIPEDALISM; walking on 2 feet. Lucy, female, 3.5 feet tall, head the size of a softball was the first to walk on 2 feet. 2. ENLARGED BRAINS: First appeared in East Asia 2.5 million years ago. Large brains found with tools; Homo habilis. Increase in intelligence gave them success in Africa.

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