Lines of Force

Assist in development of spaces within a landscape Guides lines within the landscape Helps to proportion spaces logically Used to develop points of visual interest within the landscape Assists in smooth flows

Lines of Force Place a tracing paper overlay over the base plan Draw lines at 0°, 90° & 180° from all corners of the building including all doors and windows

Base Plan

At 0°, 90° and 180°

Lines of Force On a tracing paper overlay draw lines at 0°, 45°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270° & 315° all increments of 45° from: All corners of the building including all doors and windows

At 45°, 135°& 225°

With Combined Angles

Lines of Force Draw dashed-lines from the centers of all doors and windows: At 90° to the center of doors and windows At 45° & 135° from either side of the center line

Window & Door Center Lines

All Lines Combined

Bubble Diagrams Bubble diagrams begin the process of design Simple bubbles are used to determine area usages within the landscape

PARKING AREA GARDEN TURF AREA WATER FEATURE PATIO DECK PLANTER

PARKING AREA GARDEN TURF AREA WATER FEATURE PATIO DECK PLANTER

The Six Elements of Design Shapes make up forms

The Six Elements of Design Form combined with shape define textures

The Six Elements of Design Lines and Shapes create patterns

The Six Elements of Design Color Can bring it all together

Plan Drawings Intended to convey information An organization of lines Lines make up: Buildings Property lines Symbols Textures Labels

Drawings Drawings should be clear and easy to read Contractor or client should be able to determine all aspects of the drawing

Drawings Drawings should be presentable No smudges! No coffee stains! No wrinkles!

Lines Lines can be controlled by: Type of drawing tip Pencils or markers can become flattened with use Speed of hand Line thickness will vary with the speed at which the hand moves

Consistent? Lines should be of a consistent thickness Thicknesses vary depending on their use

Solid Lines Craft your lines with a single pass Focus on the beginning and end of lines This will help maintain consistent line weights at each end

Don’t Hesitate Tentative lines appear inconsistent Lines should have crisp, clear edges

Erase It! It’s OK… Don’t redraw lines – they often look redrawn If you need to redraw it – erase it and start over (there are a few exceptions)

Keep Your Pencils Sharp Sharp pencils help maintain crisp lines After sharpening – slightly dull the tip to keep it from breaking Roll the pencil in your hand as you draw This will keep the lead from flattening on one side

Smudging…tisk, tisk, tisk… NEVER let drawings get smudged! Keep your tools clean Keep a piece of paper under your drawing hand

Crossing Corners Corners should connect for clarity If they cross that’s OK – but not too far Be consistent If some cross – they should all cross

Line Weights Drawings with all one line weight can be boring

Line Weights A variety of line weights makes a drawing more visually appealing