OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center Days of Future Past TechConnections 7 13 June 2006 Dublin, OH Eric Childress OCLC Research

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Outline  Big Picture  Libraryscape  Selected Work  FRBR  Loosely-coupled applications  Ajax

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center Big Picture “You look around you. Things they astound you.” Dawn: Dawn Is A feeling – The Moody Blues

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center Pattern Recognition  Portable  Info devices, Net everywhere  Personalized  My way, Right now  Public  Sharing & Surfacing  Property  Permission-needed vs. Permission-granted  Pluggable  Think small, Play nice

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center Data Rules  Deep indexing:  Amazon’s “Search Inside” and “Statistically Improbable Phrases”  Google, Yahoo, Microsoft underwriting library digitization work  Library space: NetLibrary & many others indexing contentNetLibrary  Custom search feeds: Google Alerts, News topic RSS, etc.Google Alerts  Recommendation systems:  Amazon, Apple iTunes, other retailers – “people like you chose…”  Novel concepts: Pandora – suggests music based on intrinsic patterns of music you like (the “music genome”)Pandora

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center Techscape  Web 2.0:  The Network spans all attached devices (e.g., iPods, phones, etc.)  Software resides on the Net, not the workstation  “Participative Net” – social environment, shared content reused  System refactoring  Modularity (micro-services, remixing, multiple sources)  Layering (loosely-coupled systems)  Interoperability (low-friction, high reuse)  Lightweight protocols gaining favor (e.g., SRW/SRU, microformats)SRW/SRUmicroformats  Machine-oriented services (web services)

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center Libraryscape “Yesterday's dreams, Are tomorrow's sighs.” The Morning: Another Morning – The Moody Blues

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center Libraries - next phase  Surfacing seamlessly  Point-of-need delivery (e.g., library content in non-library apps such as the Web, course management systems, etc.)  Open WorldCat, RedLightGreen, OAIster, etc. Open WorldCatRedLightGreenOAIster  Open standards, easy integration of data from many sources  Re-thinking, re-engineering  Library 2.0 changes systems & services Library 2.0  Moving towards “Lego”-like modularity in systems & data  User-tasks-oriented designs (e.g., NCSU catalog)NCSU catalog  Adding means for users to contribute, shape their own experiences  Supporting Library 2.0 will mean changing organizations & operations  More building space for people-to-people interaction, less for books  Process & operational changes  Example: Choose-acquire-catalog vs. Acquire-choose-catalogChoose-acquire-catalog vs. Acquire-choose-catalog

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center Robin Murray [ppt]ppt Synthesize - to combine often diverse conceptions into a coherent whole. Synthesize Mobilize Specialize - involve specific knowledge in order to serve a particular purpose; to apply or direct to specific end or use. Specialize Mobilize - to put into action Workplace applications - points of need Local service Local added value Local context Local knowledge Library Systems Atomic Library ServicesAtomic ‘non-Library’ Services

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center Visioning activities anew

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center Selected Work “Dawn is a feeling.” Dawn: Dawn Is A feeling – The Moody Blues

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center Technology to watch  Model:  FRBR (Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records)  Approach:  Loosely-coupled applications  AJAX

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center “The FRBR model is revolutionary. The (computer) catalogue is not seen as a sequence of bibliographic records and a replica of the traditional card catalogue, but rather as a network of connected data, enabling the user to perform seamlessly all the necessary functions.” -Dr. Maja Žumer. National and University Library, Ljubljana, Slovenia

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center FRBR basics  FRBR = Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records  Developed by cataloging experts working under the auspices of IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions)  FRBR is from a document issued by IFLA:  Functional Requirements For Bibliographic Records: Final Report (1998)  FRBR is a conceptual model (not a standard!)  FRBR systematically models the bibliographic universe

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center Work Expression Is realized through Is exemplified by Item Manifestation Is embodied in A distinct intellectual or artistic creation The intellectual or artistic realization of a work The physical embodiment of an expression A single exemplar of a manifestation FRBR Group 1 Entities

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center OCLC FRBR work set algorithm-based cluster of related WorldCat records OriginalEnglish Translation Illustrated edition Abridged edition Adaptation Expressions Work¹ Work² e¹e²e³ e¹

Works with 1 manifestation: 87% Works with between 2 and 5 manifestations: 12% Works with > 5 manifestations: 1% Works with 1 manifestation: 43% of total holdings Works with between 2 and 5 manifestations: 40% of total holdings Works with > 5 manifestations: 17% of total holdings Manifestations By Holdings Works in WorldCat

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center Sample FRBR implementations

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center xISBN  OCLC Research prototype  Reveals all ISBNs associated with individual works in WorldCat  Web service:  URL syntax query (submit an ISBN)  Simple XML response (all ISBNs in workset)  Ex: Dune  Users:  Various, loosely-coupled look-it-up applications  Copyright Clearance Center  OCLC Research team:  Thom Hickey (lead)  Jenny Toves  Jeff Young

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center FictionFinder  OCLC Research prototypeprototype  Supports searching & browsing of fiction materials cataloged in WorldCat  Fiction records — 2.8 million  Unique works — 1.4 million  Total holdings — 130 million  Employs FRBR to:  Build a “work” view & cluster related records  Support the creation of special indexes  OCLC Research team:  Diane Vizine-Goetz (lead)  Roger Thompson  Carol Hickey  J.D. Shipengrover  New version:  Available later in 2006  Improved navigation & work- based displays

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center Sample loosely-coupled application

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center Terminology Services Project  OCLC Research prototype  Explores Semantic Web value of vocabularies  Enriched versions of controlled vocabularies & classification schemes  Multiple formats (MARCXML, SKOS, Zthes)  Machine-friendly (e.g., web services)  Nascent work on vocabulary identifier issues  Product version out mid  OCLC Research team:  Diane Vizine-Goetz (lead)  Carol Hickey  Andrew Houghton  Tram Nguyen-Pham  Roger Thompson

Terminology Services Architecture Web Service Proxy SRW/URESTSOAP Browser Sidebar Metadata Editing Application Registration Query handling Markup translation Authorization/Authentication Microsoft Office Research Pane Full Text SQLXML Storage Technology Layer Application Protocol Layer

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center Sample AJAX implementation

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center Ajax  Stands in for “Asynchronous JavaScript+CSS+DOM+XMLHtt pRequest”  Eliminates the start-stop- start-stop nature of interaction on the Web by introducing an intermediary — an Ajax engine — between the user and the server  Being used extensively by Google, adopted by others Technolgies used together:  standards-based presentation using XHTML and CSS standards-based presentation  dynamic display and interaction using the Document Object ModelDocument Object Model  data interchange and manipulation using XML and XSLTXML and XSLT  asynchronous data retrieval using XMLHttpRequestXMLHttpRequest  and JavaScript binding everything together.JavaScript

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center Ajax “Ajax: A New Approach to Web Applications” / Jesse James Garrett

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center Live Search  OCLC Research prototype  Features:  Quick searches target with each additional keystroke of search term/phrase  Retrieves ordered, FRBR- inspired results (combined with holdings-based ranking)  Narrow-by Dewey attributes (expressed as captions)  OCLC Research Team:  Thom Hickey (lead)  Jenny Toves  Ralph LeVan  Files being prototyped:  Phoenix Public+DDC  LCSH

Narrow by natural facets (“categories”) of any given result set

item data drawn from Phoenix Public’s OPAC

OCLC Research OCLC Online Computer Library Center Further reading  OCLC Reports   OCLC Research   OCLC-related blogs:  Lorcan Dempsey  Thom Hickey  Stu Weibel  It’s All Good