Applied Poultry Nutrition M.E. Persia Iowa State University
What Do We Really Feed Poultry? Grains: Byproduct meals:
Corn Contains Anti-nutrients Nonstarch Polysaccharides (Meng and Slominski, 2005) 7.6% total 0.6% water soluble Phytate (Hidvegi and Lasztity, 2003) 1.0%
Indirect Consequences of Phytate Traditional mechanism Ca/phytate complex chelates protein and digestive enzymes P- Ca++ P- Zn++ Fe++ Cu+ P- Ca++ = Protein = Digestive enzyme
Calcium and pH on phytate solubility pH
Solution: Phytase DietPhytase Dose, FTU/kg Body Wt, g FCR, g/g Mortality, % PCNone03108 b b NC*None02999 c a NC*Phytase a b Results at 49 days Parr and Wyatt, 2006 Diet formulated with reduced phosphorus, calcium, amino acids and energy
DDGS Contains Anti-nutrients Nonstarch Polysaccharides (Villamide et al., 1997) 19.1 – 22.0% total 0.0 – 2.1% water soluble Phytate (NRC, 1994) 0.7%
Discussion Question Why would corn have more phytate than DDGS?
Soybean Meal Contains Anti-nutrients Nonstarch Polysaccharides (Meng and Slominski, 2005) 13.7% total 1.3% water soluble Phytate (NRC, 1994) 1.40% Raffinose 1.9% Stachyose 5.2%
Barley Contains Anti-nutrients Nonstarch Polysaccharides (Villamide et al., 1997) 10.2 – 19.9% total 3.3 – 4.4% glucans Phytate (NRC, 1994) 0.9%
Wheat Contains Anti-nutrients Nonstarch Polysaccharides (Gutierrez del Alamo et al., 2008) 9.8 – 11.2% total 1.3 – 2.4% water soluble Phytate (NRC, 1994) 0.8%
Solution – treatment with enzymes
Soybeans Contain Anti-nutrients Trypsin Inhibitor
Relationship with CCK SBTI (mg/kg) Plasma CCK (fmol/ml) Soybean trypsin inhibitor enhanced CCK release into circulation in a dose- dependent fashion.
Gross Effects Performance
Solution: Heat treatment Trypsin Inhibitors are heat labile Heat treatment of soybean meal – Drive off oil extraction medium – Dry soybean meal – Destroy Trypsin Inhibitors Caution: too much heat has negative effects on protein digestibility
Maillad Reactions (Browning) Intermediate reaction products Late reaction products Moisture and Heat Ingredient Lysine Digestibility Corn 92% Wheat 86% Soybean meal (SBM) 90% DDGS 75% M and B meal 81% Lysine HCl100%