Week 11 The Environment; Globalization

11/7/20052 Review: Week 10 Relations Between Developing and Developed Nation-States –Competing theoretical views –Strategies of development –Historical and Future Issues The Politics of Oil –OPEC –Other commodity producers

11/7/20053 Outline The Environment –Two approaches to management –A Security Issue –Rio and Kyoto protocols Globalization: Non-state actors –Effects on states –Types of influence

11/7/20054 Tragedy of the Commons Self-interested behavior makes everyone worse off –Benefits are concentrated –Costs are diffuse Analogy: “commons” in English village

11/7/20055 Tragedy of the Commons /commons.htmlhttp:// /commons.html

11/7/20056 Tragedy of the Commons Two approaches –International regimes –Market Solutions

11/7/20057 Disparities Developed World –17 percent of population –12.4 metric tons of CO 2 emission per person –5,421 kg of oil per capita Developing World –83 percent of the population –2.2 metric tons per person –968 kg of oil per capita Source: World Development Indicators 2005, World Bank

11/7/20058 A Security Issue Economic impacts Cross-border effects Competition for scarce resources

11/7/20059 International Efforts CFC Agreement Rio Summit 1992 Kyoto Summit 1997 –Market-based solutions

11/7/ “Ecocide” Former Soviet Union China today?

11/7/ “Non-state” actors Review –International organizations –NGOs –Networks

11/7/ “Non-state” actors Effects on states –Constrain behavior –Define/re-define interests

11/7/ Four types of influence Knowledge

11/7/ Four types of influence Money

11/7/ Four types of influence Organizational power

11/7/ Four types of influence Legitimacy/moral authority