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Enlightenment New Government

Objectives List important Enlightenment philosophers and analyze their impact on global society, economic, and government Describe the impact of women on the enlightenment Describe changes in art and literature

Essential Question In what ways has the enlightenment ideas effected society today?

Views on Government

Thomas Hobbes humans are naturally selfish and wicked With out government there would be constant war Social Contract - People sacrificed rights in exchange for law and order

John Locke Learn from the past in order to build the future People had the ability to govern themselves All people are born free and equal

Three Natural Rights Life Liberty Property Govt. must protect rights People have the right to overthrow govt. Inspired American liberty

Age of Philosophers Enlightenment reached its height in France Philosophes – people who believed that people could apply reason to all aspects of life

Five Important Concepts Reason – Truth can be discovered through reason. The absence of intolerance, bigotry, and prejudice in one’s thinking Nature – What is natural is good and reasonable Happiness – Who ever lived by natures laws would be happy Progress – belief that society can be perfected Liberty – Through reason society can be set free

Voltaire Attacked the clergy, aristocracy, and the government by writing satire Raised doubts about Christianity Fought for freedom of religion, speech, and tolerance

Montesquieu Believed that Rome's collapse was directly related to its loss of liberty “liberty is a tranquillity of mind arising from the opinion each person has of his safety. Liberty is not the freedom to do whatever we want: if we have the freedom to harm others, for instance, others will also have the freedom to harm us, and we will have no confidence in our own safety. Liberty involves living under laws that protect us from harm while leaving us free to do as much as possible, and that enable us to feel the greatest possible confidence that if we obey those laws, the power of the state will not be directed against us.”

Separation of powers Government should be split into three braches – Executive, Legislative, and Judicial

Jean Jacques Rousseau Civilization corrupted people’s natural goodness. only good government is one that is freely formed by the people Democracy

Women and the Enlightenment Mary Astell –“If all men are born free, then why are all women born slaves?” Mary Wollstonecraft - Women need education to become virtuous and useful Solons – Social gatherings coordinated by women to spread the ideas of the enlightenment Marie-Therese Geoffrin - Financed the Encyclopedia Project, Most influential solon hostess – influenced Catherine the Great of Russia

Enlightenment Spread of Ideas

Quote of the Day A man ought to work. That's what he's here for. That's how he contributes to the welfare of the community.A man ought to work. That's what he's here for. That's how he contributes to the welfare of the community. W. Somerset Maugham ( ),W. Somerset Maugham

Objectives Describe how the Enlightenment Spread Explain how the Enlightenment affected absolutism

Essential Question Do you think an absolute monarch needed to accept the Enlighten ideas to survive? Explain

Encyclopedia Project Denis Diderot envisioned a large set of books that would contain articles and essays from leading scholars in Europe Published the first volumes in 1751 Banned by the Catholic Church and French Government

Circulation of Ideas Salons and Encyclopedia helped spread Enlightenment ideas to the people of Europe Eventually reached the middle-class through newspapers, pamphlets and songs Middle-class supported the new ideas

Enlightenment Reflected in Art Baroque – Style of art that dominated Europe during the 1600’s Grand style Elaborate palaces – Versailles Johann Sebastian Bach – dramatic organ and choral music

Neoclassical Influenced by themes from Classic Greece and Rome “New Classical” Franz Joseph Haydn Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Ludwig van Beethoven

Franz Joseph Haydn

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Ludwig van Beethoven

Quote of the Day "When I die, I want to go peacefully like my Grandfather did, in his sleep -- not screaming, like the passengers in his car" Short funny quotes, Unknown.

Enlightenment and Monarchy Enlightenment despots – Absolute Monarchs who embraced the new ideas and made reforms Supported the ideas but would not give up power Motivated by a stronger country and a stronger rule

Fredrick the Great King of Prussia from 1740 – 1786 Granted many religious freedoms Reduced censorship Improved education Abolished the use of torture “The first servant of the state”

Joseph II Son of Maria Theresa Ruled Austria 1780 – 1790 Freedom of the Press Freedom of worship Abolished serfdom Most reforms undone after his death

Catherine the Great Ruler of Russia 1762 – 1796 Reformed Russian law based on the ideas of Montesquieu and Beccaria Religious tolerance Abolished torture and capital punishment Reforms did not pass Led to a peasant uprising Catherine quickly changed her mind about the reform

AMERICAN REVOLUTION