“A house is built of bricks and cement! A home is built of love and affection!!"

REQUIREMENTS BEARING CAPACITY TYPES FOUNDATIONS REQUIREMENTS BEARING CAPACITY TYPES

FOUNDATION/SUBSTRUCTURE Plain Cement Concrete Bed of about 300mm thick Two or Three Masonry Footings

REQUIREMENTS Base for the Structure Transmitting the Load to the Soil Uniform Distribution of Load on Larger Area Minimization of Differential Settlement Stability of the Building Firm Level Base Lateral Stability to the Structure Safety against Sliding and Overturning Safety against Scouring and Undermining

FOUNDATION SOILS CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL

CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS Indian Standard (IS) Classification Coarse Grained Soils (Gravel [G], Sand [S]) Fine Grained Soils (Silts, Clay) Classification based on Particle Sizes Boulder Cobble Gravel Sand Silt Clay

BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Soil = Ultimate Load/Area of the Plate Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil = Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Soil/Factor of Safety

FACTORS AFFECTING BEARING CAPACITY OF THE SOIL Physical features of foundation (Type, Size and shape, Depth, Rigidity of structure) Type of soil and its physical properties (Density, Shear strength, etc.) Position of ground water table Allowable settlement of the soil

METHODS OF IMPROVING BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL By increasing the Depth of Foundation By Compacting the Soil By Draining the Sub-soil Water By Grouting the Soil Mass with Cement Grout By Restricting the Movement of Soil By Injecting Chemicals

TYPES SHALLOW DEEP MACHINE

SHALLLOW FOUNDATIONS Spread Foundations Mat or Raft Foundations

SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS Spread Foundations Mat or Rat Foundations

Spread Foundations Wall Isolated Combined Continuous

DEEP FOUNDATIONS Piles Piers Well

Piles Steel Concrete Composite Timber End-bearing Friction Under-reamed

Piers Belled Straight Shafted Extended Straight Shafted

THANK YOU Presented by, KIRUTHIKA.J ECE